Prolonged Cold Exposure Negatively Impacts Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar ) Liver Metabolism and Function
Large-scale mortality events have occurred during the winter in Atlantic salmon sea cages in Eastern Canada and Iceland. Thus, in salmon held at 3 °C that were apparently healthy (i.e., asymptomatic) and that had ‘early’ and ‘advanced’ symptoms of ‘winter syndrome’/’winter disease’ (WS/WD), we measu...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:cd88906ea5b844258dec22581e6953f3 2024-09-15T17:56:14+00:00 Prolonged Cold Exposure Negatively Impacts Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar ) Liver Metabolism and Function Isis Rojas Albert Caballero-Solares Émile Vadboncoeur Rebeccah M. Sandrelli Jennifer R. Hall Kathy A. Clow Christopher C. Parrish Matthew L. Rise Andrew K. Swanson Anthony K. Gamperl 2024-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13070494 https://doaj.org/article/cd88906ea5b844258dec22581e6953f3 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/13/7/494 https://doaj.org/toc/2079-7737 doi:10.3390/biology13070494 2079-7737 https://doaj.org/article/cd88906ea5b844258dec22581e6953f3 Biology, Vol 13, Iss 7, p 494 (2024) winter mortality winter syndrome lipid metabolism fatty liver disease salmon aquaculture Biology (General) QH301-705.5 article 2024 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13070494 2024-08-05T17:48:50Z Large-scale mortality events have occurred during the winter in Atlantic salmon sea cages in Eastern Canada and Iceland. Thus, in salmon held at 3 °C that were apparently healthy (i.e., asymptomatic) and that had ‘early’ and ‘advanced’ symptoms of ‘winter syndrome’/’winter disease’ (WS/WD), we measured hepatic lipid classes and fatty acid levels, and the transcript expression of 34 molecular markers of fatty liver disease (FLD; a clinical sign of WS/WD). In addition, we correlated our results with previously reported characteristics associated with this disease’s progression in these same individuals. Total lipid and triacylglycerol (TAG) levels increased by ~50%, and the expression of 32 of the 34 genes was dysregulated, in fish with symptoms of FLD. TAG was positively correlated with markers of inflammation ( 5loxa , saa5 ), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and plasma aspartate aminotransferase levels, but negatively correlated with genes related to lipid metabolism ( elovl5b , fabp3a , cd36c ), oxidative stress ( catc ), and growth ( igf1 ). Multivariate analyses clearly showed that the three groups of fish were different, and that saa5 was the largest contributor to differences. Our results provide a number of biomarkers for FLD in salmon, and very strong evidence that prolonged cold exposure can trigger FLD in this ecologically and economically important species. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Iceland Salmo salar Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Biology 13 7 494 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
winter mortality winter syndrome lipid metabolism fatty liver disease salmon aquaculture Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
spellingShingle |
winter mortality winter syndrome lipid metabolism fatty liver disease salmon aquaculture Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Isis Rojas Albert Caballero-Solares Émile Vadboncoeur Rebeccah M. Sandrelli Jennifer R. Hall Kathy A. Clow Christopher C. Parrish Matthew L. Rise Andrew K. Swanson Anthony K. Gamperl Prolonged Cold Exposure Negatively Impacts Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar ) Liver Metabolism and Function |
topic_facet |
winter mortality winter syndrome lipid metabolism fatty liver disease salmon aquaculture Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
description |
Large-scale mortality events have occurred during the winter in Atlantic salmon sea cages in Eastern Canada and Iceland. Thus, in salmon held at 3 °C that were apparently healthy (i.e., asymptomatic) and that had ‘early’ and ‘advanced’ symptoms of ‘winter syndrome’/’winter disease’ (WS/WD), we measured hepatic lipid classes and fatty acid levels, and the transcript expression of 34 molecular markers of fatty liver disease (FLD; a clinical sign of WS/WD). In addition, we correlated our results with previously reported characteristics associated with this disease’s progression in these same individuals. Total lipid and triacylglycerol (TAG) levels increased by ~50%, and the expression of 32 of the 34 genes was dysregulated, in fish with symptoms of FLD. TAG was positively correlated with markers of inflammation ( 5loxa , saa5 ), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and plasma aspartate aminotransferase levels, but negatively correlated with genes related to lipid metabolism ( elovl5b , fabp3a , cd36c ), oxidative stress ( catc ), and growth ( igf1 ). Multivariate analyses clearly showed that the three groups of fish were different, and that saa5 was the largest contributor to differences. Our results provide a number of biomarkers for FLD in salmon, and very strong evidence that prolonged cold exposure can trigger FLD in this ecologically and economically important species. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Isis Rojas Albert Caballero-Solares Émile Vadboncoeur Rebeccah M. Sandrelli Jennifer R. Hall Kathy A. Clow Christopher C. Parrish Matthew L. Rise Andrew K. Swanson Anthony K. Gamperl |
author_facet |
Isis Rojas Albert Caballero-Solares Émile Vadboncoeur Rebeccah M. Sandrelli Jennifer R. Hall Kathy A. Clow Christopher C. Parrish Matthew L. Rise Andrew K. Swanson Anthony K. Gamperl |
author_sort |
Isis Rojas |
title |
Prolonged Cold Exposure Negatively Impacts Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar ) Liver Metabolism and Function |
title_short |
Prolonged Cold Exposure Negatively Impacts Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar ) Liver Metabolism and Function |
title_full |
Prolonged Cold Exposure Negatively Impacts Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar ) Liver Metabolism and Function |
title_fullStr |
Prolonged Cold Exposure Negatively Impacts Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar ) Liver Metabolism and Function |
title_full_unstemmed |
Prolonged Cold Exposure Negatively Impacts Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar ) Liver Metabolism and Function |
title_sort |
prolonged cold exposure negatively impacts atlantic salmon ( salmo salar ) liver metabolism and function |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13070494 https://doaj.org/article/cd88906ea5b844258dec22581e6953f3 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Iceland Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Iceland Salmo salar |
op_source |
Biology, Vol 13, Iss 7, p 494 (2024) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/13/7/494 https://doaj.org/toc/2079-7737 doi:10.3390/biology13070494 2079-7737 https://doaj.org/article/cd88906ea5b844258dec22581e6953f3 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13070494 |
container_title |
Biology |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
494 |
_version_ |
1810432446162796544 |