Impacts on microbial communities in sediments by aquaculture farming during one salmon cycle
In recent years, the salmon farming industry has grown significantly worldwide, and in the Faroe Islands, it has become a major industry with an annual production of over 94,000 tonnes, yielding 24% of the GDP. According to environmental regulations, the ocean floor is monitored during every product...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:cd7a4a0a6b864bfe9f423a51632ec817 2024-09-15T17:56:31+00:00 Impacts on microbial communities in sediments by aquaculture farming during one salmon cycle Bjarta O. Johansen Svein-Ole Mikalsen Eyðfinn Magnussen Esbern J. Patursson Gunnvør á Norði Anni Djurhuus 2024-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1266410 https://doaj.org/article/cd7a4a0a6b864bfe9f423a51632ec817 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1266410/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2024.1266410 https://doaj.org/article/cd7a4a0a6b864bfe9f423a51632ec817 Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 11 (2024) salmon farming organic enrichment aquaculture disturbance microbial community composition microbial diversity community shifts Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 article 2024 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1266410 2024-08-12T15:24:03Z In recent years, the salmon farming industry has grown significantly worldwide, and in the Faroe Islands, it has become a major industry with an annual production of over 94,000 tonnes, yielding 24% of the GDP. According to environmental regulations, the ocean floor is monitored during every production cycle at all farming sites, involving macrofaunal, sensory, and chemical analyses. However, the impact of farming activity on microorganisms in the Faroe Islands remains unknown. This study aimed to assess the impact of Atlantic salmon farming on benthic microbial communities, giving a better understanding of the effects on the foundation of the benthic food web and to assess if these are more prone to environmental impact than traditional macrofaunal biomonitoring. Sediment cores were sampled along a transect from directly below the salmon cages to a background reference site. The sampling occurred prior to the release of salmon into the cages (‘before stocking’) and immediately before the salmon were harvested (‘peak biomass’). The 16S rRNA (V4-V5) gene was sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq from our sediment samples at the surface, 3 cm, and 10 cm depth. Significant shifts in microbial community composition were observed between ‘before stocking’ and ‘peak biomass’, as well as between different depth layers. Microbial diversity increased with increasing distance from the cages and was at its highest ‘before stocking’, indicating a significant impact of the salmon farming on the microbial community structure. In contrast to the regularly executed environmental monitoring, the results from this study showed an impact on the sediments by the salmon farming, underlining the powerful alternative of DNA-metabarcoding when biomonitoring an aquaculture area. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Faroe Islands Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Frontiers in Marine Science 11 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
salmon farming organic enrichment aquaculture disturbance microbial community composition microbial diversity community shifts Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
spellingShingle |
salmon farming organic enrichment aquaculture disturbance microbial community composition microbial diversity community shifts Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Bjarta O. Johansen Svein-Ole Mikalsen Eyðfinn Magnussen Esbern J. Patursson Gunnvør á Norði Anni Djurhuus Impacts on microbial communities in sediments by aquaculture farming during one salmon cycle |
topic_facet |
salmon farming organic enrichment aquaculture disturbance microbial community composition microbial diversity community shifts Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
description |
In recent years, the salmon farming industry has grown significantly worldwide, and in the Faroe Islands, it has become a major industry with an annual production of over 94,000 tonnes, yielding 24% of the GDP. According to environmental regulations, the ocean floor is monitored during every production cycle at all farming sites, involving macrofaunal, sensory, and chemical analyses. However, the impact of farming activity on microorganisms in the Faroe Islands remains unknown. This study aimed to assess the impact of Atlantic salmon farming on benthic microbial communities, giving a better understanding of the effects on the foundation of the benthic food web and to assess if these are more prone to environmental impact than traditional macrofaunal biomonitoring. Sediment cores were sampled along a transect from directly below the salmon cages to a background reference site. The sampling occurred prior to the release of salmon into the cages (‘before stocking’) and immediately before the salmon were harvested (‘peak biomass’). The 16S rRNA (V4-V5) gene was sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq from our sediment samples at the surface, 3 cm, and 10 cm depth. Significant shifts in microbial community composition were observed between ‘before stocking’ and ‘peak biomass’, as well as between different depth layers. Microbial diversity increased with increasing distance from the cages and was at its highest ‘before stocking’, indicating a significant impact of the salmon farming on the microbial community structure. In contrast to the regularly executed environmental monitoring, the results from this study showed an impact on the sediments by the salmon farming, underlining the powerful alternative of DNA-metabarcoding when biomonitoring an aquaculture area. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bjarta O. Johansen Svein-Ole Mikalsen Eyðfinn Magnussen Esbern J. Patursson Gunnvør á Norði Anni Djurhuus |
author_facet |
Bjarta O. Johansen Svein-Ole Mikalsen Eyðfinn Magnussen Esbern J. Patursson Gunnvør á Norði Anni Djurhuus |
author_sort |
Bjarta O. Johansen |
title |
Impacts on microbial communities in sediments by aquaculture farming during one salmon cycle |
title_short |
Impacts on microbial communities in sediments by aquaculture farming during one salmon cycle |
title_full |
Impacts on microbial communities in sediments by aquaculture farming during one salmon cycle |
title_fullStr |
Impacts on microbial communities in sediments by aquaculture farming during one salmon cycle |
title_full_unstemmed |
Impacts on microbial communities in sediments by aquaculture farming during one salmon cycle |
title_sort |
impacts on microbial communities in sediments by aquaculture farming during one salmon cycle |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1266410 https://doaj.org/article/cd7a4a0a6b864bfe9f423a51632ec817 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Faroe Islands |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Faroe Islands |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 11 (2024) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1266410/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2024.1266410 https://doaj.org/article/cd7a4a0a6b864bfe9f423a51632ec817 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1266410 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
11 |
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1810432725832695808 |