Diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminths in the era of preventive chemotherapy: effect of multiple stool sampling and use of different diagnostic techniques.
BACKGROUND: Soil-transmitted helminth infections are common throughout the tropics and subtropics and they disproportionately affect the poorest of the poor. In view of a growing global commitment to control soil-transmitted helminthiasis, there is a need to elucidate the effect of repeated stool sa...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:cd1fea282beb43d1bb27848089102cd4 2023-05-15T15:11:41+02:00 Diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminths in the era of preventive chemotherapy: effect of multiple stool sampling and use of different diagnostic techniques. Stefanie Knopp Ali F Mgeni I Simba Khamis Peter Steinmann J Russell Stothard David Rollinson Hanspeter Marti Jürg Utzinger 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000331 https://doaj.org/article/cd1fea282beb43d1bb27848089102cd4 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2570799?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000331 https://doaj.org/article/cd1fea282beb43d1bb27848089102cd4 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 2, Iss 11, p e331 (2008) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2008 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000331 2022-12-30T21:07:58Z BACKGROUND: Soil-transmitted helminth infections are common throughout the tropics and subtropics and they disproportionately affect the poorest of the poor. In view of a growing global commitment to control soil-transmitted helminthiasis, there is a need to elucidate the effect of repeated stool sampling and the use of different diagnostic methods in areas targeted for preventive chemotherapy that are characterized by low-infection intensities. In this study, we focused on schoolchildren on Unguja Island, Zanzibar, an area where anthelminthic drugs have been repeatedly administered over the past decade. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Three serial stool samples from each of 342 schoolchildren were examined using the Kato-Katz (K-K), Koga agar plate (KAP), and Baermann (BM) techniques. These methods were used individually or in combination for the diagnosis of Ascaris lumbricoides (K-K), Trichuris trichiura (K-K), hookworm (K-K and KAP), and Strongyloides stercoralis (KAP and BM). The examination of multiple stool samples instead of a single one resulted in an increase of the observed prevalence; e.g., an increase of 161% for hookworm using the K-K method. The diagnostic sensitivity of single stool sampling ranged between 20.7% for BM to detect S. stercoralis and 84.2% for K-K to diagnose A. lumbricoides. Highest sensitivities were observed when different diagnostic approaches were combined. The observed prevalences for T. trichiura, hookworm, A. lumbricoides, and S. stercoralis were 47.9%, 22.5%, 16.5%, and 10.8% after examining 3 stool samples. These values are close to the 'true' prevalences predicted by a mathematical model. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Rigorous epidemiologic surveillance of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in the era of preventive chemotherapy is facilitated by multiple stool sampling bolstered by different diagnostic techniques. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Kap ENVELOPE(23.567,23.567,65.533,65.533) PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2 11 e331 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Stefanie Knopp Ali F Mgeni I Simba Khamis Peter Steinmann J Russell Stothard David Rollinson Hanspeter Marti Jürg Utzinger Diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminths in the era of preventive chemotherapy: effect of multiple stool sampling and use of different diagnostic techniques. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
BACKGROUND: Soil-transmitted helminth infections are common throughout the tropics and subtropics and they disproportionately affect the poorest of the poor. In view of a growing global commitment to control soil-transmitted helminthiasis, there is a need to elucidate the effect of repeated stool sampling and the use of different diagnostic methods in areas targeted for preventive chemotherapy that are characterized by low-infection intensities. In this study, we focused on schoolchildren on Unguja Island, Zanzibar, an area where anthelminthic drugs have been repeatedly administered over the past decade. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Three serial stool samples from each of 342 schoolchildren were examined using the Kato-Katz (K-K), Koga agar plate (KAP), and Baermann (BM) techniques. These methods were used individually or in combination for the diagnosis of Ascaris lumbricoides (K-K), Trichuris trichiura (K-K), hookworm (K-K and KAP), and Strongyloides stercoralis (KAP and BM). The examination of multiple stool samples instead of a single one resulted in an increase of the observed prevalence; e.g., an increase of 161% for hookworm using the K-K method. The diagnostic sensitivity of single stool sampling ranged between 20.7% for BM to detect S. stercoralis and 84.2% for K-K to diagnose A. lumbricoides. Highest sensitivities were observed when different diagnostic approaches were combined. The observed prevalences for T. trichiura, hookworm, A. lumbricoides, and S. stercoralis were 47.9%, 22.5%, 16.5%, and 10.8% after examining 3 stool samples. These values are close to the 'true' prevalences predicted by a mathematical model. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Rigorous epidemiologic surveillance of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in the era of preventive chemotherapy is facilitated by multiple stool sampling bolstered by different diagnostic techniques. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Stefanie Knopp Ali F Mgeni I Simba Khamis Peter Steinmann J Russell Stothard David Rollinson Hanspeter Marti Jürg Utzinger |
author_facet |
Stefanie Knopp Ali F Mgeni I Simba Khamis Peter Steinmann J Russell Stothard David Rollinson Hanspeter Marti Jürg Utzinger |
author_sort |
Stefanie Knopp |
title |
Diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminths in the era of preventive chemotherapy: effect of multiple stool sampling and use of different diagnostic techniques. |
title_short |
Diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminths in the era of preventive chemotherapy: effect of multiple stool sampling and use of different diagnostic techniques. |
title_full |
Diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminths in the era of preventive chemotherapy: effect of multiple stool sampling and use of different diagnostic techniques. |
title_fullStr |
Diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminths in the era of preventive chemotherapy: effect of multiple stool sampling and use of different diagnostic techniques. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminths in the era of preventive chemotherapy: effect of multiple stool sampling and use of different diagnostic techniques. |
title_sort |
diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminths in the era of preventive chemotherapy: effect of multiple stool sampling and use of different diagnostic techniques. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2008 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000331 https://doaj.org/article/cd1fea282beb43d1bb27848089102cd4 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(23.567,23.567,65.533,65.533) |
geographic |
Arctic Kap |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Kap |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 2, Iss 11, p e331 (2008) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2570799?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000331 https://doaj.org/article/cd1fea282beb43d1bb27848089102cd4 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000331 |
container_title |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
2 |
container_issue |
11 |
container_start_page |
e331 |
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1766342506056777728 |