Adapting to climate change: snow load assessment of snow galleries on the Iron Ore Line in Northern Sweden
The snow galleries along the Iron Ore railway line in northern Sweden have faced problems in recent years due to increasingly large snow loads, and several galleries have been damaged. These incidents motivated an evaluation of the maximum load supported by the galleries before collapse, which is pr...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1308401 https://doaj.org/article/cd1185deaa844ae3b074d8aef21f6b7f |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:cd1185deaa844ae3b074d8aef21f6b7f 2024-02-11T10:07:10+01:00 Adapting to climate change: snow load assessment of snow galleries on the Iron Ore Line in Northern Sweden Vanessa Saback Jaime Gonzalez-Libreros Cosmin Daescu Cosmin Popescu A. H. S. Garmabaki Gabriel Sas 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1308401 https://doaj.org/article/cd1185deaa844ae3b074d8aef21f6b7f EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1308401/full https://doaj.org/toc/2297-3362 2297-3362 doi:10.3389/fbuil.2023.1308401 https://doaj.org/article/cd1185deaa844ae3b074d8aef21f6b7f Frontiers in Built Environment, Vol 9 (2024) snow load climate change snow gallery railway steel FEM Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 City planning HT165.5-169.9 article 2024 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1308401 2024-01-14T01:51:33Z The snow galleries along the Iron Ore railway line in northern Sweden have faced problems in recent years due to increasingly large snow loads, and several galleries have been damaged. These incidents motivated an evaluation of the maximum load supported by the galleries before collapse, which is presented in this study. In 2021, a monitoring system was installed in one of the main frames of two snow galleries built in the 1950s to follow up with temperature and displacements, including a trigger that sends out a warning message when a critical load is reached. A literature review on snow loads was performed, followed by calculations on snow distribution on the galleries based on the Eurocodes and National Swedish Standards. Finite element 2D and 3D models were created using AxisVM to accurately assess the efforts in the structural elements. Analysis and discussion are complemented by observations from site visits. It was concluded that the critical loads supported by the galleries are lower than the requirements of today’s standards, but since secondary construction elements were damaged before the main frames reached their full capacity, no major collapse has yet taken place. The cobweb effect (load re-distribution between the neighboring elements in a 3D structure) influenced the behavior of the galleries in the 3D analysis and the capacity of the main frames proved to be significantly increased compared to the 2D assessment. Article in Journal/Newspaper Northern Sweden Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Frontiers in Built Environment 9 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
snow load climate change snow gallery railway steel FEM Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 City planning HT165.5-169.9 |
spellingShingle |
snow load climate change snow gallery railway steel FEM Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 City planning HT165.5-169.9 Vanessa Saback Jaime Gonzalez-Libreros Cosmin Daescu Cosmin Popescu A. H. S. Garmabaki Gabriel Sas Adapting to climate change: snow load assessment of snow galleries on the Iron Ore Line in Northern Sweden |
topic_facet |
snow load climate change snow gallery railway steel FEM Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 City planning HT165.5-169.9 |
description |
The snow galleries along the Iron Ore railway line in northern Sweden have faced problems in recent years due to increasingly large snow loads, and several galleries have been damaged. These incidents motivated an evaluation of the maximum load supported by the galleries before collapse, which is presented in this study. In 2021, a monitoring system was installed in one of the main frames of two snow galleries built in the 1950s to follow up with temperature and displacements, including a trigger that sends out a warning message when a critical load is reached. A literature review on snow loads was performed, followed by calculations on snow distribution on the galleries based on the Eurocodes and National Swedish Standards. Finite element 2D and 3D models were created using AxisVM to accurately assess the efforts in the structural elements. Analysis and discussion are complemented by observations from site visits. It was concluded that the critical loads supported by the galleries are lower than the requirements of today’s standards, but since secondary construction elements were damaged before the main frames reached their full capacity, no major collapse has yet taken place. The cobweb effect (load re-distribution between the neighboring elements in a 3D structure) influenced the behavior of the galleries in the 3D analysis and the capacity of the main frames proved to be significantly increased compared to the 2D assessment. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Vanessa Saback Jaime Gonzalez-Libreros Cosmin Daescu Cosmin Popescu A. H. S. Garmabaki Gabriel Sas |
author_facet |
Vanessa Saback Jaime Gonzalez-Libreros Cosmin Daescu Cosmin Popescu A. H. S. Garmabaki Gabriel Sas |
author_sort |
Vanessa Saback |
title |
Adapting to climate change: snow load assessment of snow galleries on the Iron Ore Line in Northern Sweden |
title_short |
Adapting to climate change: snow load assessment of snow galleries on the Iron Ore Line in Northern Sweden |
title_full |
Adapting to climate change: snow load assessment of snow galleries on the Iron Ore Line in Northern Sweden |
title_fullStr |
Adapting to climate change: snow load assessment of snow galleries on the Iron Ore Line in Northern Sweden |
title_full_unstemmed |
Adapting to climate change: snow load assessment of snow galleries on the Iron Ore Line in Northern Sweden |
title_sort |
adapting to climate change: snow load assessment of snow galleries on the iron ore line in northern sweden |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1308401 https://doaj.org/article/cd1185deaa844ae3b074d8aef21f6b7f |
genre |
Northern Sweden |
genre_facet |
Northern Sweden |
op_source |
Frontiers in Built Environment, Vol 9 (2024) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1308401/full https://doaj.org/toc/2297-3362 2297-3362 doi:10.3389/fbuil.2023.1308401 https://doaj.org/article/cd1185deaa844ae3b074d8aef21f6b7f |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1308401 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Built Environment |
container_volume |
9 |
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1790605322855907328 |