Analytical volume model for optimized spatial radar bat detection in onshore wind parks.
To develop mitigation measures for the protection of bats in close proximity to onshore wind turbines, new detection techniques covering large-scale environments and techniques, which are able to track individuals are required. Radar based observations, successfully applied in ornithological studies...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:cd0954b85cc447c8b5f1a7593654c30f 2023-05-15T17:48:38+02:00 Analytical volume model for optimized spatial radar bat detection in onshore wind parks. Jannes Kreutzfeldt Carolin Floeter Thies Lingner Lukas Schmitz-Beuting Michael Reich Veit Dominik Kunz 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239911 https://doaj.org/article/cd0954b85cc447c8b5f1a7593654c30f EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239911 https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0239911 https://doaj.org/article/cd0954b85cc447c8b5f1a7593654c30f PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 9, p e0239911 (2020) Medicine R Science Q article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239911 2022-12-31T06:00:37Z To develop mitigation measures for the protection of bats in close proximity to onshore wind turbines, new detection techniques covering large-scale environments and techniques, which are able to track individuals are required. Radar based observations, successfully applied in ornithological studies, offer a promising potential, but come with challenges regarding the comparability of measurements and noise interference (ground clutter) from objects within detection range. This paper presents improvements of a commercially available inexpensive pulse radar for 3D spatial detection of bat-sized objects in onshore wind parks. A new analytical spatial detection volume model is presented incorporating calibrated radar data and landscape parameters such as clutter. Computer simulation programs to process the analytical spatial detection volume model were developed. For model calibration, the minimum signal power of the radar was experimentally determined with the radar cross section (RCS) of an artificial bat (similar to Nyctalus noctula), resulting in a maximum detection range of 800 m and a corresponding RCS of 12.7 cm². Additionally, the spatial volume for radar detection was optimized with a clutter shielding fence (CSF). Adjusting the volume model by incorporating a theoretical model of the CSF, an extension of the detection volume by a factor of 2.5 was achieved, while the total volume of a 105° horizontal angular radar image section yields 0.0105 km³. Extrapolation and comparison with state-of-the-art acoustic bat detection result in a 270 times larger volume, confirming the large-scale detection capabilities of the pulse radar. Article in Journal/Newspaper Nyctalus noctula Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles PLOS ONE 15 9 e0239911 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Medicine R Science Q |
spellingShingle |
Medicine R Science Q Jannes Kreutzfeldt Carolin Floeter Thies Lingner Lukas Schmitz-Beuting Michael Reich Veit Dominik Kunz Analytical volume model for optimized spatial radar bat detection in onshore wind parks. |
topic_facet |
Medicine R Science Q |
description |
To develop mitigation measures for the protection of bats in close proximity to onshore wind turbines, new detection techniques covering large-scale environments and techniques, which are able to track individuals are required. Radar based observations, successfully applied in ornithological studies, offer a promising potential, but come with challenges regarding the comparability of measurements and noise interference (ground clutter) from objects within detection range. This paper presents improvements of a commercially available inexpensive pulse radar for 3D spatial detection of bat-sized objects in onshore wind parks. A new analytical spatial detection volume model is presented incorporating calibrated radar data and landscape parameters such as clutter. Computer simulation programs to process the analytical spatial detection volume model were developed. For model calibration, the minimum signal power of the radar was experimentally determined with the radar cross section (RCS) of an artificial bat (similar to Nyctalus noctula), resulting in a maximum detection range of 800 m and a corresponding RCS of 12.7 cm². Additionally, the spatial volume for radar detection was optimized with a clutter shielding fence (CSF). Adjusting the volume model by incorporating a theoretical model of the CSF, an extension of the detection volume by a factor of 2.5 was achieved, while the total volume of a 105° horizontal angular radar image section yields 0.0105 km³. Extrapolation and comparison with state-of-the-art acoustic bat detection result in a 270 times larger volume, confirming the large-scale detection capabilities of the pulse radar. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Jannes Kreutzfeldt Carolin Floeter Thies Lingner Lukas Schmitz-Beuting Michael Reich Veit Dominik Kunz |
author_facet |
Jannes Kreutzfeldt Carolin Floeter Thies Lingner Lukas Schmitz-Beuting Michael Reich Veit Dominik Kunz |
author_sort |
Jannes Kreutzfeldt |
title |
Analytical volume model for optimized spatial radar bat detection in onshore wind parks. |
title_short |
Analytical volume model for optimized spatial radar bat detection in onshore wind parks. |
title_full |
Analytical volume model for optimized spatial radar bat detection in onshore wind parks. |
title_fullStr |
Analytical volume model for optimized spatial radar bat detection in onshore wind parks. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Analytical volume model for optimized spatial radar bat detection in onshore wind parks. |
title_sort |
analytical volume model for optimized spatial radar bat detection in onshore wind parks. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239911 https://doaj.org/article/cd0954b85cc447c8b5f1a7593654c30f |
genre |
Nyctalus noctula |
genre_facet |
Nyctalus noctula |
op_source |
PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 9, p e0239911 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239911 https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0239911 https://doaj.org/article/cd0954b85cc447c8b5f1a7593654c30f |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239911 |
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PLOS ONE |
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15 |
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9 |
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e0239911 |
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