Clinical and molecular epidemiology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Oman.
Background Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a serious disease with a high fatality rate reported in many countries. The first case of CCHF in Oman was detected in 1995 and serosurveys have suggested widespread infection of humans and livestock throughout the country. Methodology Cases of CC...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:ccc8d61d6cf04bde84f28e6b6d70bd48 2023-05-15T15:16:15+02:00 Clinical and molecular epidemiology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Oman. Seif S Al-Abri Roger Hewson Hanan Al-Kindi Idris Al-Abaidani Amina Al-Jardani Amal Al-Maani Samira Almahrouqi Barry Atkinson Adil Al-Wahaibi Bader Al-Rawahi Shyam Bawikar Nicholas J Beeching 2019-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007100 https://doaj.org/article/ccc8d61d6cf04bde84f28e6b6d70bd48 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007100 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007100 https://doaj.org/article/ccc8d61d6cf04bde84f28e6b6d70bd48 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 13, Iss 4, p e0007100 (2019) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007100 2022-12-31T07:17:08Z Background Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a serious disease with a high fatality rate reported in many countries. The first case of CCHF in Oman was detected in 1995 and serosurveys have suggested widespread infection of humans and livestock throughout the country. Methodology Cases of CCHF reported to the Ministry of Health (MoH) of Oman between 1995 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Diagnosis was confirmed by serology and/or molecular tests in Oman. Stored RNA from recent cases was studied by sequencing the complete open reading frame (ORF) of the viral S segment at Public Health England, enabling phylogenetic comparisons to be made with other S segments of strains obtained from the region. Findings Of 88 cases of CCHF, 4 were sporadic in 1995 and 1996, then none were detected until 2011. From 2011-2017, incidence has steadily increased and 19 (23.8%) of 80 cases clustered around Eid Al Adha. The median (range) age was 33 (15-68) years and 79 (90%) were male. The major risk for infection was contact with animals and/or butchering in 73/88 (83%) and only one case was related to tick bites alone. Severe cases were over-represented: 64 (72.7%) had a platelet count < 50 x 109/L and 32 (36.4%) died. There was no intrafamilial spread or healthcare-associated infection. The viral S segments from 11 patients presenting in 2013 and 2014 were all grouped in Asia 1 (IV) lineage. Conclusions CCHF is well-established throughout Oman, with a single strain of virus present for at least 20 years. Most patients are men involved in animal husbandry and butchery. The high mortality suggests that there is substantial under-diagnosis of milder cases. Preventive measures have been introduced to reduce risks of transmission to animal handlers and butchers and to maintain safety in healthcare settings. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 13 4 e0007100 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Seif S Al-Abri Roger Hewson Hanan Al-Kindi Idris Al-Abaidani Amina Al-Jardani Amal Al-Maani Samira Almahrouqi Barry Atkinson Adil Al-Wahaibi Bader Al-Rawahi Shyam Bawikar Nicholas J Beeching Clinical and molecular epidemiology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Oman. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Background Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a serious disease with a high fatality rate reported in many countries. The first case of CCHF in Oman was detected in 1995 and serosurveys have suggested widespread infection of humans and livestock throughout the country. Methodology Cases of CCHF reported to the Ministry of Health (MoH) of Oman between 1995 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Diagnosis was confirmed by serology and/or molecular tests in Oman. Stored RNA from recent cases was studied by sequencing the complete open reading frame (ORF) of the viral S segment at Public Health England, enabling phylogenetic comparisons to be made with other S segments of strains obtained from the region. Findings Of 88 cases of CCHF, 4 were sporadic in 1995 and 1996, then none were detected until 2011. From 2011-2017, incidence has steadily increased and 19 (23.8%) of 80 cases clustered around Eid Al Adha. The median (range) age was 33 (15-68) years and 79 (90%) were male. The major risk for infection was contact with animals and/or butchering in 73/88 (83%) and only one case was related to tick bites alone. Severe cases were over-represented: 64 (72.7%) had a platelet count < 50 x 109/L and 32 (36.4%) died. There was no intrafamilial spread or healthcare-associated infection. The viral S segments from 11 patients presenting in 2013 and 2014 were all grouped in Asia 1 (IV) lineage. Conclusions CCHF is well-established throughout Oman, with a single strain of virus present for at least 20 years. Most patients are men involved in animal husbandry and butchery. The high mortality suggests that there is substantial under-diagnosis of milder cases. Preventive measures have been introduced to reduce risks of transmission to animal handlers and butchers and to maintain safety in healthcare settings. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Seif S Al-Abri Roger Hewson Hanan Al-Kindi Idris Al-Abaidani Amina Al-Jardani Amal Al-Maani Samira Almahrouqi Barry Atkinson Adil Al-Wahaibi Bader Al-Rawahi Shyam Bawikar Nicholas J Beeching |
author_facet |
Seif S Al-Abri Roger Hewson Hanan Al-Kindi Idris Al-Abaidani Amina Al-Jardani Amal Al-Maani Samira Almahrouqi Barry Atkinson Adil Al-Wahaibi Bader Al-Rawahi Shyam Bawikar Nicholas J Beeching |
author_sort |
Seif S Al-Abri |
title |
Clinical and molecular epidemiology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Oman. |
title_short |
Clinical and molecular epidemiology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Oman. |
title_full |
Clinical and molecular epidemiology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Oman. |
title_fullStr |
Clinical and molecular epidemiology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Oman. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Clinical and molecular epidemiology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Oman. |
title_sort |
clinical and molecular epidemiology of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in oman. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007100 https://doaj.org/article/ccc8d61d6cf04bde84f28e6b6d70bd48 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 13, Iss 4, p e0007100 (2019) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007100 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007100 https://doaj.org/article/ccc8d61d6cf04bde84f28e6b6d70bd48 |
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007100 |
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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