The influence of sea ice, wind speed and marine mammals on Southern Ocean ambient sound
This paper describes the natural variability of ambient sound in the Southern Ocean, an acoustically pristine marine mammal habitat. Over a 3-year period, two autonomous recorders were moored along the Greenwich meridian to collect underwater passive acoustic data. Ambient sound levels were strongly...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:cc95004a9cb941adb6bcf6f30487d6d1 2023-05-15T14:04:01+02:00 The influence of sea ice, wind speed and marine mammals on Southern Ocean ambient sound Sebastian Menze Daniel P. Zitterbart Ilse van Opzeeland Olaf Boebel 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160370 https://doaj.org/article/cc95004a9cb941adb6bcf6f30487d6d1 EN eng The Royal Society https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.160370 https://doaj.org/toc/2054-5703 2054-5703 doi:10.1098/rsos.160370 https://doaj.org/article/cc95004a9cb941adb6bcf6f30487d6d1 Royal Society Open Science, Vol 4, Iss 1 (2017) ocean ambient sound ocean ambient noise sea ice southern ocean antarctic marine mammals passive acoustic monitoring Science Q article 2017 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160370 2022-12-31T03:57:30Z This paper describes the natural variability of ambient sound in the Southern Ocean, an acoustically pristine marine mammal habitat. Over a 3-year period, two autonomous recorders were moored along the Greenwich meridian to collect underwater passive acoustic data. Ambient sound levels were strongly affected by the annual variation of the sea-ice cover, which decouples local wind speed and sound levels during austral winter. With increasing sea-ice concentration, area and thickness, sound levels decreased while the contribution of distant sources increased. Marine mammal sounds formed a substantial part of the overall acoustic environment, comprising calls produced by Antarctic blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia), fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus), Antarctic minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) and leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx). The combined sound energy of a group or population vocalizing during extended periods contributed species-specific peaks to the ambient sound spectra. The temporal and spatial variation in the contribution of marine mammals to ambient sound suggests annual patterns in migration and behaviour. The Antarctic blue and fin whale contributions were loudest in austral autumn, whereas the Antarctic minke whale contribution was loudest during austral winter and repeatedly showed a diel pattern that coincided with the diel vertical migration of zooplankton. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Minke whale Balaenoptera bonaerensis Balaenoptera musculus Balaenoptera physalus Fin whale Hydrurga leptonyx Leopard Seals minke whale Sea ice Southern Ocean Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic Austral Greenwich Hydrurga ENVELOPE(-61.626,-61.626,-64.145,-64.145) Southern Ocean The Antarctic Royal Society Open Science 4 1 160370 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
ocean ambient sound ocean ambient noise sea ice southern ocean antarctic marine mammals passive acoustic monitoring Science Q |
spellingShingle |
ocean ambient sound ocean ambient noise sea ice southern ocean antarctic marine mammals passive acoustic monitoring Science Q Sebastian Menze Daniel P. Zitterbart Ilse van Opzeeland Olaf Boebel The influence of sea ice, wind speed and marine mammals on Southern Ocean ambient sound |
topic_facet |
ocean ambient sound ocean ambient noise sea ice southern ocean antarctic marine mammals passive acoustic monitoring Science Q |
description |
This paper describes the natural variability of ambient sound in the Southern Ocean, an acoustically pristine marine mammal habitat. Over a 3-year period, two autonomous recorders were moored along the Greenwich meridian to collect underwater passive acoustic data. Ambient sound levels were strongly affected by the annual variation of the sea-ice cover, which decouples local wind speed and sound levels during austral winter. With increasing sea-ice concentration, area and thickness, sound levels decreased while the contribution of distant sources increased. Marine mammal sounds formed a substantial part of the overall acoustic environment, comprising calls produced by Antarctic blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia), fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus), Antarctic minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) and leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx). The combined sound energy of a group or population vocalizing during extended periods contributed species-specific peaks to the ambient sound spectra. The temporal and spatial variation in the contribution of marine mammals to ambient sound suggests annual patterns in migration and behaviour. The Antarctic blue and fin whale contributions were loudest in austral autumn, whereas the Antarctic minke whale contribution was loudest during austral winter and repeatedly showed a diel pattern that coincided with the diel vertical migration of zooplankton. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Sebastian Menze Daniel P. Zitterbart Ilse van Opzeeland Olaf Boebel |
author_facet |
Sebastian Menze Daniel P. Zitterbart Ilse van Opzeeland Olaf Boebel |
author_sort |
Sebastian Menze |
title |
The influence of sea ice, wind speed and marine mammals on Southern Ocean ambient sound |
title_short |
The influence of sea ice, wind speed and marine mammals on Southern Ocean ambient sound |
title_full |
The influence of sea ice, wind speed and marine mammals on Southern Ocean ambient sound |
title_fullStr |
The influence of sea ice, wind speed and marine mammals on Southern Ocean ambient sound |
title_full_unstemmed |
The influence of sea ice, wind speed and marine mammals on Southern Ocean ambient sound |
title_sort |
influence of sea ice, wind speed and marine mammals on southern ocean ambient sound |
publisher |
The Royal Society |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160370 https://doaj.org/article/cc95004a9cb941adb6bcf6f30487d6d1 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-61.626,-61.626,-64.145,-64.145) |
geographic |
Antarctic Austral Greenwich Hydrurga Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Austral Greenwich Hydrurga Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Minke whale Balaenoptera bonaerensis Balaenoptera musculus Balaenoptera physalus Fin whale Hydrurga leptonyx Leopard Seals minke whale Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Minke whale Balaenoptera bonaerensis Balaenoptera musculus Balaenoptera physalus Fin whale Hydrurga leptonyx Leopard Seals minke whale Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Royal Society Open Science, Vol 4, Iss 1 (2017) |
op_relation |
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.160370 https://doaj.org/toc/2054-5703 2054-5703 doi:10.1098/rsos.160370 https://doaj.org/article/cc95004a9cb941adb6bcf6f30487d6d1 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160370 |
container_title |
Royal Society Open Science |
container_volume |
4 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
160370 |
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1766274950906249216 |