Increasing Trend of Resistance to Penicillin, Tetracycline, and Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae from Pakistan (1992–2009)
Emergence and spread of drug resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae is global concern. We evaluated trends of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae over years 1992–2009 in Pakistan. Resistance rates were compared between years (2007–2009) and (1992–2006). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing wa...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:cc81e4d906b743579af461443e4b32b5 2023-05-15T15:07:15+02:00 Increasing Trend of Resistance to Penicillin, Tetracycline, and Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae from Pakistan (1992–2009) Kauser Jabeen Summiya Nizamuddin Seema Irfan Erum Khan Faisal Malik Afia Zafar 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/960501 https://doaj.org/article/cc81e4d906b743579af461443e4b32b5 EN eng Hindawi Limited http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/960501 https://doaj.org/toc/1687-9686 https://doaj.org/toc/1687-9694 1687-9686 1687-9694 doi:10.1155/2011/960501 https://doaj.org/article/cc81e4d906b743579af461443e4b32b5 Journal of Tropical Medicine, Vol 2011 (2011) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 article 2011 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/960501 2022-12-31T14:34:36Z Emergence and spread of drug resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae is global concern. We evaluated trends of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae over years 1992–2009 in Pakistan. Resistance rates were compared between years (2007–2009) and (1992–2006). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed and interpreted according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria using the disk diffusion methodology against penicillin, ceftriaxone, tetracycline and ofloxacin. Additional antibiotics tested in 100 strains isolated during 2007–2009, included cefotaxime, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, cefipime, ceftazidime, ceftizoxime, cefixime, cefpodoxime, spectinomycin and azithromycin. Neisseria gonorrhoeae ATCC 49226 was used as control. Chi-square for trend analysis was conducted to assess resistance trend over the study period. During study period significant increase in combined resistance to penicillin, tetracycline and ofloxacin was observed (P value <0.01). Resistance rates during the two study period also increased significantly (P value <0.01). Ceftriaxone resistance was not observed. None of the isolates were found to be resistant or with intermediate sensitivity to additional antibiotics. Our findings suggest that penicillin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline should not be used in the empirical treatment of gonorrhea in Pakistan. Ceftriaxone and cefixime should be the first line therapy; however periodic MICs should be determined to identify emergence of strains with reduced susceptibility. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011 1 5 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Kauser Jabeen Summiya Nizamuddin Seema Irfan Erum Khan Faisal Malik Afia Zafar Increasing Trend of Resistance to Penicillin, Tetracycline, and Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae from Pakistan (1992–2009) |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 |
description |
Emergence and spread of drug resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae is global concern. We evaluated trends of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae over years 1992–2009 in Pakistan. Resistance rates were compared between years (2007–2009) and (1992–2006). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed and interpreted according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria using the disk diffusion methodology against penicillin, ceftriaxone, tetracycline and ofloxacin. Additional antibiotics tested in 100 strains isolated during 2007–2009, included cefotaxime, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, cefipime, ceftazidime, ceftizoxime, cefixime, cefpodoxime, spectinomycin and azithromycin. Neisseria gonorrhoeae ATCC 49226 was used as control. Chi-square for trend analysis was conducted to assess resistance trend over the study period. During study period significant increase in combined resistance to penicillin, tetracycline and ofloxacin was observed (P value <0.01). Resistance rates during the two study period also increased significantly (P value <0.01). Ceftriaxone resistance was not observed. None of the isolates were found to be resistant or with intermediate sensitivity to additional antibiotics. Our findings suggest that penicillin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline should not be used in the empirical treatment of gonorrhea in Pakistan. Ceftriaxone and cefixime should be the first line therapy; however periodic MICs should be determined to identify emergence of strains with reduced susceptibility. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kauser Jabeen Summiya Nizamuddin Seema Irfan Erum Khan Faisal Malik Afia Zafar |
author_facet |
Kauser Jabeen Summiya Nizamuddin Seema Irfan Erum Khan Faisal Malik Afia Zafar |
author_sort |
Kauser Jabeen |
title |
Increasing Trend of Resistance to Penicillin, Tetracycline, and Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae from Pakistan (1992–2009) |
title_short |
Increasing Trend of Resistance to Penicillin, Tetracycline, and Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae from Pakistan (1992–2009) |
title_full |
Increasing Trend of Resistance to Penicillin, Tetracycline, and Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae from Pakistan (1992–2009) |
title_fullStr |
Increasing Trend of Resistance to Penicillin, Tetracycline, and Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae from Pakistan (1992–2009) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Increasing Trend of Resistance to Penicillin, Tetracycline, and Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae from Pakistan (1992–2009) |
title_sort |
increasing trend of resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolone resistance in neisseria gonorrhoeae from pakistan (1992–2009) |
publisher |
Hindawi Limited |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/960501 https://doaj.org/article/cc81e4d906b743579af461443e4b32b5 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Journal of Tropical Medicine, Vol 2011 (2011) |
op_relation |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/960501 https://doaj.org/toc/1687-9686 https://doaj.org/toc/1687-9694 1687-9686 1687-9694 doi:10.1155/2011/960501 https://doaj.org/article/cc81e4d906b743579af461443e4b32b5 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/960501 |
container_title |
Journal of Tropical Medicine |
container_volume |
2011 |
container_start_page |
1 |
op_container_end_page |
5 |
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1766338795680038912 |