Buoyant calving and ice-contact lake evolution at Pasterze Glacier (Austria) in the period 1998–2019
Rapid growth of proglacial lakes in the current warming climate can pose significant outburst flood hazards, increase rates of ice mass loss, and alter the dynamic state of glaciers. We studied the nature and rate of proglacial lake evolution at Pasterze Glacier (Austria) in the period 1998–2019 usi...
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2021
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:cc64722076964ed0ae411e51cc4c4e09 2023-05-15T18:32:26+02:00 Buoyant calving and ice-contact lake evolution at Pasterze Glacier (Austria) in the period 1998–2019 A. Kellerer-Pirklbauer M. Avian D. I. Benn F. Bernsteiner P. Krisch C. Ziesler 2021-03-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1237-2021 https://doaj.org/article/cc64722076964ed0ae411e51cc4c4e09 EN eng Copernicus Publications https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/15/1237/2021/tc-15-1237-2021.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-15-1237-2021 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://doaj.org/article/cc64722076964ed0ae411e51cc4c4e09 The Cryosphere, Vol 15, Pp 1237-1258 (2021) Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1237-2021 2022-12-31T10:21:14Z Rapid growth of proglacial lakes in the current warming climate can pose significant outburst flood hazards, increase rates of ice mass loss, and alter the dynamic state of glaciers. We studied the nature and rate of proglacial lake evolution at Pasterze Glacier (Austria) in the period 1998–2019 using different remote-sensing (photogrammetry, laser scanning) and fieldwork-based (global navigation satellite system – GNSS, time-lapse photography, geoelectrical resistivity tomography – ERT, and bathymetry) data. Glacier thinning below the spillway level and glacier recession caused flooding of the glacier, initially forming a glacier-lateral to supraglacial lake with subaerial and subaquatic debris-covered dead-ice bodies. The observed lake size increase in 1998–2019 followed an exponential curve (1998 – 1900 m 2 , 2019 – 304 000 m 2 ). ERT data from 2015 to 2019 revealed widespread existence of massive dead-ice bodies exceeding 25 m in thickness near the lake shore. Several large-scale and rapidly occurring buoyant calving events were detected in the 48 m deep basin by time-lapse photography, indicating that buoyant calving is a crucial process for the fast lake expansion. Estimations of the ice volume losses by buoyant calving and by subaerial ablation at a 0.35 km 2 large lake-proximal section of the glacier reveal comparable values for both processes (ca. 1×10 6 m 3 ) for the period August 2018 to August 2019. We identified a sequence of processes: glacier recession into a basin and glacier thinning below the spillway level; glacio-fluvial sedimentation in the glacial–proglacial transition zone covering dead ice; initial formation and accelerating enlargement of a glacier-lateral to supraglacial lake by ablation of glacier ice and debris-covered dead ice forming thermokarst features; increase in hydrostatic disequilibrium leading to destabilization of ice at the lake bottom or at the near-shore causing fracturing, tilting, disintegration, or emergence of new icebergs due to buoyant calving; and gradual melting ... Article in Journal/Newspaper The Cryosphere Thermokarst Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Fast Lake ENVELOPE(-108.251,-108.251,59.983,59.983) Pasterze ENVELOPE(-22.600,-22.600,74.683,74.683) Tilting ENVELOPE(-54.065,-54.065,49.700,49.700) The Cryosphere 15 3 1237 1258 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 A. Kellerer-Pirklbauer M. Avian D. I. Benn F. Bernsteiner P. Krisch C. Ziesler Buoyant calving and ice-contact lake evolution at Pasterze Glacier (Austria) in the period 1998–2019 |
topic_facet |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
Rapid growth of proglacial lakes in the current warming climate can pose significant outburst flood hazards, increase rates of ice mass loss, and alter the dynamic state of glaciers. We studied the nature and rate of proglacial lake evolution at Pasterze Glacier (Austria) in the period 1998–2019 using different remote-sensing (photogrammetry, laser scanning) and fieldwork-based (global navigation satellite system – GNSS, time-lapse photography, geoelectrical resistivity tomography – ERT, and bathymetry) data. Glacier thinning below the spillway level and glacier recession caused flooding of the glacier, initially forming a glacier-lateral to supraglacial lake with subaerial and subaquatic debris-covered dead-ice bodies. The observed lake size increase in 1998–2019 followed an exponential curve (1998 – 1900 m 2 , 2019 – 304 000 m 2 ). ERT data from 2015 to 2019 revealed widespread existence of massive dead-ice bodies exceeding 25 m in thickness near the lake shore. Several large-scale and rapidly occurring buoyant calving events were detected in the 48 m deep basin by time-lapse photography, indicating that buoyant calving is a crucial process for the fast lake expansion. Estimations of the ice volume losses by buoyant calving and by subaerial ablation at a 0.35 km 2 large lake-proximal section of the glacier reveal comparable values for both processes (ca. 1×10 6 m 3 ) for the period August 2018 to August 2019. We identified a sequence of processes: glacier recession into a basin and glacier thinning below the spillway level; glacio-fluvial sedimentation in the glacial–proglacial transition zone covering dead ice; initial formation and accelerating enlargement of a glacier-lateral to supraglacial lake by ablation of glacier ice and debris-covered dead ice forming thermokarst features; increase in hydrostatic disequilibrium leading to destabilization of ice at the lake bottom or at the near-shore causing fracturing, tilting, disintegration, or emergence of new icebergs due to buoyant calving; and gradual melting ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
A. Kellerer-Pirklbauer M. Avian D. I. Benn F. Bernsteiner P. Krisch C. Ziesler |
author_facet |
A. Kellerer-Pirklbauer M. Avian D. I. Benn F. Bernsteiner P. Krisch C. Ziesler |
author_sort |
A. Kellerer-Pirklbauer |
title |
Buoyant calving and ice-contact lake evolution at Pasterze Glacier (Austria) in the period 1998–2019 |
title_short |
Buoyant calving and ice-contact lake evolution at Pasterze Glacier (Austria) in the period 1998–2019 |
title_full |
Buoyant calving and ice-contact lake evolution at Pasterze Glacier (Austria) in the period 1998–2019 |
title_fullStr |
Buoyant calving and ice-contact lake evolution at Pasterze Glacier (Austria) in the period 1998–2019 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Buoyant calving and ice-contact lake evolution at Pasterze Glacier (Austria) in the period 1998–2019 |
title_sort |
buoyant calving and ice-contact lake evolution at pasterze glacier (austria) in the period 1998–2019 |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1237-2021 https://doaj.org/article/cc64722076964ed0ae411e51cc4c4e09 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-108.251,-108.251,59.983,59.983) ENVELOPE(-22.600,-22.600,74.683,74.683) ENVELOPE(-54.065,-54.065,49.700,49.700) |
geographic |
Fast Lake Pasterze Tilting |
geographic_facet |
Fast Lake Pasterze Tilting |
genre |
The Cryosphere Thermokarst |
genre_facet |
The Cryosphere Thermokarst |
op_source |
The Cryosphere, Vol 15, Pp 1237-1258 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/15/1237/2021/tc-15-1237-2021.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-15-1237-2021 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://doaj.org/article/cc64722076964ed0ae411e51cc4c4e09 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1237-2021 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
1237 |
op_container_end_page |
1258 |
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