Pharmacological characterization of venoms from three theraphosid spiders: Poecilotheria regalis, Ceratogyrus darlingi and Brachypelma epicureanum
Abstract Background Tarantulas (Theraphosidae) represent an important source of novel biologically active compounds that target a variety of ion channels and cell receptors in both insects and mammals. In this study, we evaluate and compare the pharmacological activity of venoms from three taxonomic...
Published in: | Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:cc439d6389a446fc81f6f8c9a7667af0 2023-05-15T15:15:22+02:00 Pharmacological characterization of venoms from three theraphosid spiders: Poecilotheria regalis, Ceratogyrus darlingi and Brachypelma epicureanum Alejandro García-Arredondo Luis Rodríguez-Rios Luis Fernando Díaz-Peña Ricardo Vega-Ángeles 2015-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s40409-015-0017-8 https://doaj.org/article/cc439d6389a446fc81f6f8c9a7667af0 EN eng SciELO http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992015000100323&lng=en&tlng=en https://doaj.org/toc/1678-9199 1678-9199 doi:10.1186/s40409-015-0017-8 https://doaj.org/article/cc439d6389a446fc81f6f8c9a7667af0 Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases, Vol 21, Iss 0 (2015) Poecilotheria regalis Ceratogyrus darlingi Brachypelma epicureanum Tarantula Venom Toxicity Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Toxicology. Poisons RA1190-1270 Zoology QL1-991 article 2015 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s40409-015-0017-8 2022-12-31T11:12:10Z Abstract Background Tarantulas (Theraphosidae) represent an important source of novel biologically active compounds that target a variety of ion channels and cell receptors in both insects and mammals. In this study, we evaluate and compare the pharmacological activity of venoms from three taxonomically different theraphosid spiders bred in captivity: Poecilotheria regalis, an aggressive arboreal tarantula from southeastern India; Ceratogyrus darlingi, an aggressive tarantula from southern Africa; and Brachypelma epicureanum, a docile tarantula from the Yucatan dry forest of Mexico. Prior to this study, no research had been conducted with regard to the composition and pharmacological activity of these venoms. Methods The pharmacological characterization of the venoms was described for the first time by the assessment of their toxicity in crickets (LD 50 ) along with their nociceptive (by using the formalin test), hyaluronidase, phospholipase A 2 , edematogenic and caseinolytic activity. Results P. regalis and B. epicureanum venoms induced a similar lethal effect on crickets (LD 50 = 5.23 ± 3.1 and 14.4 ± 5.0 μg protein/g 48 h post-injection, respectively), whereas C. darlingi venom (119.4 ± 29.5 μg protein/g 48 h post-injection) was significantly less lethal than the other two venoms. All three venoms induced similar edematogenic activity on rats but did not induce nociceptive behavior. The assessment of enzymatic activity indicated that P. regalis venom induces significantly higher hyaluronidase activity (27.6 ± 0.9 TRU/mg) than both C. darlingi (99.7 ± 1.9 TRU/mg) and B. epicureanum (99.6 ± 1.6 TRU/mg); these latter venoms did not display phospholipase A 2 or caseinolytic activity. Conclusions This study demonstrates that these theraphosid spiders of different habitats produce venoms with different activities. P. regalis venom displays a high level of hyaluronidase activity, which may be associated with its potentially medically significant bite. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 21 1 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Poecilotheria regalis Ceratogyrus darlingi Brachypelma epicureanum Tarantula Venom Toxicity Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Toxicology. Poisons RA1190-1270 Zoology QL1-991 |
spellingShingle |
Poecilotheria regalis Ceratogyrus darlingi Brachypelma epicureanum Tarantula Venom Toxicity Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Toxicology. Poisons RA1190-1270 Zoology QL1-991 Alejandro García-Arredondo Luis Rodríguez-Rios Luis Fernando Díaz-Peña Ricardo Vega-Ángeles Pharmacological characterization of venoms from three theraphosid spiders: Poecilotheria regalis, Ceratogyrus darlingi and Brachypelma epicureanum |
topic_facet |
Poecilotheria regalis Ceratogyrus darlingi Brachypelma epicureanum Tarantula Venom Toxicity Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Toxicology. Poisons RA1190-1270 Zoology QL1-991 |
description |
Abstract Background Tarantulas (Theraphosidae) represent an important source of novel biologically active compounds that target a variety of ion channels and cell receptors in both insects and mammals. In this study, we evaluate and compare the pharmacological activity of venoms from three taxonomically different theraphosid spiders bred in captivity: Poecilotheria regalis, an aggressive arboreal tarantula from southeastern India; Ceratogyrus darlingi, an aggressive tarantula from southern Africa; and Brachypelma epicureanum, a docile tarantula from the Yucatan dry forest of Mexico. Prior to this study, no research had been conducted with regard to the composition and pharmacological activity of these venoms. Methods The pharmacological characterization of the venoms was described for the first time by the assessment of their toxicity in crickets (LD 50 ) along with their nociceptive (by using the formalin test), hyaluronidase, phospholipase A 2 , edematogenic and caseinolytic activity. Results P. regalis and B. epicureanum venoms induced a similar lethal effect on crickets (LD 50 = 5.23 ± 3.1 and 14.4 ± 5.0 μg protein/g 48 h post-injection, respectively), whereas C. darlingi venom (119.4 ± 29.5 μg protein/g 48 h post-injection) was significantly less lethal than the other two venoms. All three venoms induced similar edematogenic activity on rats but did not induce nociceptive behavior. The assessment of enzymatic activity indicated that P. regalis venom induces significantly higher hyaluronidase activity (27.6 ± 0.9 TRU/mg) than both C. darlingi (99.7 ± 1.9 TRU/mg) and B. epicureanum (99.6 ± 1.6 TRU/mg); these latter venoms did not display phospholipase A 2 or caseinolytic activity. Conclusions This study demonstrates that these theraphosid spiders of different habitats produce venoms with different activities. P. regalis venom displays a high level of hyaluronidase activity, which may be associated with its potentially medically significant bite. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Alejandro García-Arredondo Luis Rodríguez-Rios Luis Fernando Díaz-Peña Ricardo Vega-Ángeles |
author_facet |
Alejandro García-Arredondo Luis Rodríguez-Rios Luis Fernando Díaz-Peña Ricardo Vega-Ángeles |
author_sort |
Alejandro García-Arredondo |
title |
Pharmacological characterization of venoms from three theraphosid spiders: Poecilotheria regalis, Ceratogyrus darlingi and Brachypelma epicureanum |
title_short |
Pharmacological characterization of venoms from three theraphosid spiders: Poecilotheria regalis, Ceratogyrus darlingi and Brachypelma epicureanum |
title_full |
Pharmacological characterization of venoms from three theraphosid spiders: Poecilotheria regalis, Ceratogyrus darlingi and Brachypelma epicureanum |
title_fullStr |
Pharmacological characterization of venoms from three theraphosid spiders: Poecilotheria regalis, Ceratogyrus darlingi and Brachypelma epicureanum |
title_full_unstemmed |
Pharmacological characterization of venoms from three theraphosid spiders: Poecilotheria regalis, Ceratogyrus darlingi and Brachypelma epicureanum |
title_sort |
pharmacological characterization of venoms from three theraphosid spiders: poecilotheria regalis, ceratogyrus darlingi and brachypelma epicureanum |
publisher |
SciELO |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40409-015-0017-8 https://doaj.org/article/cc439d6389a446fc81f6f8c9a7667af0 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases, Vol 21, Iss 0 (2015) |
op_relation |
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992015000100323&lng=en&tlng=en https://doaj.org/toc/1678-9199 1678-9199 doi:10.1186/s40409-015-0017-8 https://doaj.org/article/cc439d6389a446fc81f6f8c9a7667af0 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40409-015-0017-8 |
container_title |
Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
21 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766345736426881024 |