Starvation alters the liver transcriptome of the innate immune response in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar )
Abstract Background The immune response is an energy demanding process, which has effects in many physiological pathways in the body including protein and lipid metabolism. During an inflammatory response the liver is required to produce high levels of acute phase response proteins that attempt to n...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:ca15547291d14392933dd4db3f4aa537 2023-05-15T15:31:12+02:00 Starvation alters the liver transcriptome of the innate immune response in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) Secombes Christopher J Houlihan Dominic F Douglas Alex Martin Samuel AM 2010-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-11-418 https://doaj.org/article/ca15547291d14392933dd4db3f4aa537 EN eng BMC http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/11/418 https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2164 doi:10.1186/1471-2164-11-418 1471-2164 https://doaj.org/article/ca15547291d14392933dd4db3f4aa537 BMC Genomics, Vol 11, Iss 1, p 418 (2010) Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Genetics QH426-470 article 2010 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-11-418 2022-12-31T01:44:59Z Abstract Background The immune response is an energy demanding process, which has effects in many physiological pathways in the body including protein and lipid metabolism. During an inflammatory response the liver is required to produce high levels of acute phase response proteins that attempt to neutralise an invading pathogen. Although this has been extensively studied in both mammals and fish, little is known about how high and low energy reserves modulate the response to an infection in fish which are ectothermic vertebrates. Food withdrawal in fish causes a decrease in metabolic rate so as to preserve protein and lipid energy reserves, which occurs naturally during the life cycle of many salmonids. Here we investigated how the feeding or fasting of Atlantic salmon affected the transcriptional response in the liver to an acute bacterial infection. Results Total liver RNA was extracted from four different groups of salmon. Two groups were fed or starved for 28 days. One of each of the fed or starved groups was then exposed to an acute bacterial infection. Twenty four hours later (day 29) the livers were isolated from all fish for RNA extraction. The transcriptional changes were examined by micro array analysis using a 17 K Atlantic salmon cDNA microarray. The expression profiling results showed major changes in gene transcription in each of the groups. Enrichment for particular biological pathways was examined by analysis of gene ontology. Those fish that were starved decreased immune gene transcription and reduced production of plasma protein genes, and upon infection there was a further decrease in genes encoding plasma proteins but a large increase in acute phase response proteins. The latter was greater in magnitude than in the fish that had been fed prior to infection. The expression of several genes that were found altered during microarray analysis was confirmed by real time PCR. Conclusions We demonstrate that both starvation and infection have profound effects on transcription in the liver of ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles BMC Genomics 11 1 418 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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language |
English |
topic |
Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Genetics QH426-470 |
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Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Genetics QH426-470 Secombes Christopher J Houlihan Dominic F Douglas Alex Martin Samuel AM Starvation alters the liver transcriptome of the innate immune response in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) |
topic_facet |
Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Genetics QH426-470 |
description |
Abstract Background The immune response is an energy demanding process, which has effects in many physiological pathways in the body including protein and lipid metabolism. During an inflammatory response the liver is required to produce high levels of acute phase response proteins that attempt to neutralise an invading pathogen. Although this has been extensively studied in both mammals and fish, little is known about how high and low energy reserves modulate the response to an infection in fish which are ectothermic vertebrates. Food withdrawal in fish causes a decrease in metabolic rate so as to preserve protein and lipid energy reserves, which occurs naturally during the life cycle of many salmonids. Here we investigated how the feeding or fasting of Atlantic salmon affected the transcriptional response in the liver to an acute bacterial infection. Results Total liver RNA was extracted from four different groups of salmon. Two groups were fed or starved for 28 days. One of each of the fed or starved groups was then exposed to an acute bacterial infection. Twenty four hours later (day 29) the livers were isolated from all fish for RNA extraction. The transcriptional changes were examined by micro array analysis using a 17 K Atlantic salmon cDNA microarray. The expression profiling results showed major changes in gene transcription in each of the groups. Enrichment for particular biological pathways was examined by analysis of gene ontology. Those fish that were starved decreased immune gene transcription and reduced production of plasma protein genes, and upon infection there was a further decrease in genes encoding plasma proteins but a large increase in acute phase response proteins. The latter was greater in magnitude than in the fish that had been fed prior to infection. The expression of several genes that were found altered during microarray analysis was confirmed by real time PCR. Conclusions We demonstrate that both starvation and infection have profound effects on transcription in the liver of ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Secombes Christopher J Houlihan Dominic F Douglas Alex Martin Samuel AM |
author_facet |
Secombes Christopher J Houlihan Dominic F Douglas Alex Martin Samuel AM |
author_sort |
Secombes Christopher J |
title |
Starvation alters the liver transcriptome of the innate immune response in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) |
title_short |
Starvation alters the liver transcriptome of the innate immune response in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) |
title_full |
Starvation alters the liver transcriptome of the innate immune response in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) |
title_fullStr |
Starvation alters the liver transcriptome of the innate immune response in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Starvation alters the liver transcriptome of the innate immune response in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) |
title_sort |
starvation alters the liver transcriptome of the innate immune response in atlantic salmon ( salmo salar ) |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-11-418 https://doaj.org/article/ca15547291d14392933dd4db3f4aa537 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
BMC Genomics, Vol 11, Iss 1, p 418 (2010) |
op_relation |
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/11/418 https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2164 doi:10.1186/1471-2164-11-418 1471-2164 https://doaj.org/article/ca15547291d14392933dd4db3f4aa537 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-11-418 |
container_title |
BMC Genomics |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
418 |
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1766361694390452224 |