Human immune response against salivary antigens of Simulium damnosum s.l.: A new epidemiological marker for exposure to blackfly bites in onchocerciasis endemic areas.
Background Simulium damnosum sensu lato (s.l.) blackflies transmit Onchocerca volvulus, a filarial nematode that causes human onchocerciasis. Human landing catches (HLCs) is currently the sole method used to estimate blackfly biting rates but is labour-intensive and questionable on ethical grounds....
Published in: | PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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2021
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009512 https://doaj.org/article/c8ee061d6eb14e9196e9bf655dc90ae8 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:c8ee061d6eb14e9196e9bf655dc90ae8 2023-05-15T15:14:42+02:00 Human immune response against salivary antigens of Simulium damnosum s.l.: A new epidemiological marker for exposure to blackfly bites in onchocerciasis endemic areas. Laura Willen Maria-Gloria Basáñez Vit Dvorak Francis B D Veriegh Frank T Aboagye Bright Idun Maha Elhadi Osman Mike Y Osei-Atweneboana Orin Courtenay Petr Volf 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009512 https://doaj.org/article/c8ee061d6eb14e9196e9bf655dc90ae8 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009512 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009512 https://doaj.org/article/c8ee061d6eb14e9196e9bf655dc90ae8 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 6, p e0009512 (2021) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009512 2022-12-31T10:59:32Z Background Simulium damnosum sensu lato (s.l.) blackflies transmit Onchocerca volvulus, a filarial nematode that causes human onchocerciasis. Human landing catches (HLCs) is currently the sole method used to estimate blackfly biting rates but is labour-intensive and questionable on ethical grounds. A potential alternative is to measure host antibodies to vector saliva deposited during bloodfeeding. In this study, immunoassays to quantify human antibody responses to S. damnosum s.l. saliva were developed, and the salivary proteome of S. damnosum s.l. was investigated. Methodology/principal findings Blood samples from people living in onchocerciasis-endemic areas in Ghana were collected during the wet season; samples from people living in Accra, a blackfly-free area, were considered negative controls and compared to samples from blackfly-free locations in Sudan. Blackflies were collected by HLCs and dissected to extract their salivary glands. An ELISA measuring anti-S. damnosum s.l. salivary IgG and IgM was optimized and used to quantify the humoral immune response of 958 individuals. Both immunoassays differentiated negative controls from endemic participants. Salivary proteins were separated by gel-electrophoresis, and antigenic proteins visualized by immunoblot. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed to characterize the proteome of S. damnosum s.l. salivary glands. Several antigenic proteins were recognized, with the major ones located around 15 and 40 kDa. LC-MS/MS identified the presence of antigen 5-related protein, apyrase/nucleotidase, and hyaluronidase. Conclusions/significance This study validated for the first time human immunoassays that quantify humoral immune responses as potential markers of exposure to blackfly bites. These assays have the potential to facilitate understanding patterns of exposure as well as evaluating the impact of vector control on biting rates. Future studies need to investigate seasonal fluctuations of these antibody responses, potential ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15 6 e0009512 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Laura Willen Maria-Gloria Basáñez Vit Dvorak Francis B D Veriegh Frank T Aboagye Bright Idun Maha Elhadi Osman Mike Y Osei-Atweneboana Orin Courtenay Petr Volf Human immune response against salivary antigens of Simulium damnosum s.l.: A new epidemiological marker for exposure to blackfly bites in onchocerciasis endemic areas. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Background Simulium damnosum sensu lato (s.l.) blackflies transmit Onchocerca volvulus, a filarial nematode that causes human onchocerciasis. Human landing catches (HLCs) is currently the sole method used to estimate blackfly biting rates but is labour-intensive and questionable on ethical grounds. A potential alternative is to measure host antibodies to vector saliva deposited during bloodfeeding. In this study, immunoassays to quantify human antibody responses to S. damnosum s.l. saliva were developed, and the salivary proteome of S. damnosum s.l. was investigated. Methodology/principal findings Blood samples from people living in onchocerciasis-endemic areas in Ghana were collected during the wet season; samples from people living in Accra, a blackfly-free area, were considered negative controls and compared to samples from blackfly-free locations in Sudan. Blackflies were collected by HLCs and dissected to extract their salivary glands. An ELISA measuring anti-S. damnosum s.l. salivary IgG and IgM was optimized and used to quantify the humoral immune response of 958 individuals. Both immunoassays differentiated negative controls from endemic participants. Salivary proteins were separated by gel-electrophoresis, and antigenic proteins visualized by immunoblot. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed to characterize the proteome of S. damnosum s.l. salivary glands. Several antigenic proteins were recognized, with the major ones located around 15 and 40 kDa. LC-MS/MS identified the presence of antigen 5-related protein, apyrase/nucleotidase, and hyaluronidase. Conclusions/significance This study validated for the first time human immunoassays that quantify humoral immune responses as potential markers of exposure to blackfly bites. These assays have the potential to facilitate understanding patterns of exposure as well as evaluating the impact of vector control on biting rates. Future studies need to investigate seasonal fluctuations of these antibody responses, potential ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Laura Willen Maria-Gloria Basáñez Vit Dvorak Francis B D Veriegh Frank T Aboagye Bright Idun Maha Elhadi Osman Mike Y Osei-Atweneboana Orin Courtenay Petr Volf |
author_facet |
Laura Willen Maria-Gloria Basáñez Vit Dvorak Francis B D Veriegh Frank T Aboagye Bright Idun Maha Elhadi Osman Mike Y Osei-Atweneboana Orin Courtenay Petr Volf |
author_sort |
Laura Willen |
title |
Human immune response against salivary antigens of Simulium damnosum s.l.: A new epidemiological marker for exposure to blackfly bites in onchocerciasis endemic areas. |
title_short |
Human immune response against salivary antigens of Simulium damnosum s.l.: A new epidemiological marker for exposure to blackfly bites in onchocerciasis endemic areas. |
title_full |
Human immune response against salivary antigens of Simulium damnosum s.l.: A new epidemiological marker for exposure to blackfly bites in onchocerciasis endemic areas. |
title_fullStr |
Human immune response against salivary antigens of Simulium damnosum s.l.: A new epidemiological marker for exposure to blackfly bites in onchocerciasis endemic areas. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Human immune response against salivary antigens of Simulium damnosum s.l.: A new epidemiological marker for exposure to blackfly bites in onchocerciasis endemic areas. |
title_sort |
human immune response against salivary antigens of simulium damnosum s.l.: a new epidemiological marker for exposure to blackfly bites in onchocerciasis endemic areas. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009512 https://doaj.org/article/c8ee061d6eb14e9196e9bf655dc90ae8 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 6, p e0009512 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009512 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009512 https://doaj.org/article/c8ee061d6eb14e9196e9bf655dc90ae8 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009512 |
container_title |
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
e0009512 |
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1766345119832735744 |