A somatically diversified defense factor, FREP3, is a determinant of snail resistance to schistosome infection.
Schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease, owes its continued success to freshwater snails that support production of prolific numbers of human-infective cercariae. Encounters between schistosomes and snails do not always result in the snail becoming infected, in part because snails can mount im...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:c828ad88f6c44aef88fa1c994d3b9b6d 2023-05-15T15:14:11+02:00 A somatically diversified defense factor, FREP3, is a determinant of snail resistance to schistosome infection. Patrick C Hanington Michelle A Forys Eric S Loker 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001591 https://doaj.org/article/c828ad88f6c44aef88fa1c994d3b9b6d EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3313920?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001591 https://doaj.org/article/c828ad88f6c44aef88fa1c994d3b9b6d PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 6, Iss 3, p e1591 (2012) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2012 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001591 2022-12-31T04:15:01Z Schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease, owes its continued success to freshwater snails that support production of prolific numbers of human-infective cercariae. Encounters between schistosomes and snails do not always result in the snail becoming infected, in part because snails can mount immune responses that prevent schistosome development. Fibrinogen-related protein 3 (FREP3) has been previously associated with snail defense against digenetic trematode infection. It is a member of a large family of immune molecules with a unique structure consisting of one or two immunoglobulin superfamily domains connected to a fibrinogen domain; to date fibrinogen containing proteins with this arrangement are found only in gastropod molluscs. Furthermore, specific gastropod FREPs have been shown to undergo somatic diversification. Here we demonstrate that siRNA mediated knockdown of FREP3 results in a phenotypic loss of resistance to Schistosoma mansoni infection in 15 of 70 (21.4%) snails of the resistant BS-90 strain of Biomphalaria glabrata. In contrast, none of the 64 control BS-90 snails receiving a GFP siRNA construct and then exposed to S. mansoni became infected. Furthermore, resistance to S. mansoni was overcome in 22 of 48 snails (46%) by pre-exposure to another digenetic trematode, Echinostoma paraensei. Loss of resistance in this case was shown by microarray analysis to be associated with strong down-regulation of FREP3, and other candidate immune molecules. Although many factors are certainly involved in snail defense from trematode infection, this study identifies for the first time the involvement of a specific snail gene, FREP3, in the phenotype of resistance to the medically important parasite, S. mansoni. The results have implications for revealing the underlying mechanisms involved in dictating the range of snail strains used by S. mansoni, and, more generally, for better understanding the phenomena of host specificity and host switching. It also highlights the role of a diversified invertebrate ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 6 3 e1591 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
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English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Patrick C Hanington Michelle A Forys Eric S Loker A somatically diversified defense factor, FREP3, is a determinant of snail resistance to schistosome infection. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease, owes its continued success to freshwater snails that support production of prolific numbers of human-infective cercariae. Encounters between schistosomes and snails do not always result in the snail becoming infected, in part because snails can mount immune responses that prevent schistosome development. Fibrinogen-related protein 3 (FREP3) has been previously associated with snail defense against digenetic trematode infection. It is a member of a large family of immune molecules with a unique structure consisting of one or two immunoglobulin superfamily domains connected to a fibrinogen domain; to date fibrinogen containing proteins with this arrangement are found only in gastropod molluscs. Furthermore, specific gastropod FREPs have been shown to undergo somatic diversification. Here we demonstrate that siRNA mediated knockdown of FREP3 results in a phenotypic loss of resistance to Schistosoma mansoni infection in 15 of 70 (21.4%) snails of the resistant BS-90 strain of Biomphalaria glabrata. In contrast, none of the 64 control BS-90 snails receiving a GFP siRNA construct and then exposed to S. mansoni became infected. Furthermore, resistance to S. mansoni was overcome in 22 of 48 snails (46%) by pre-exposure to another digenetic trematode, Echinostoma paraensei. Loss of resistance in this case was shown by microarray analysis to be associated with strong down-regulation of FREP3, and other candidate immune molecules. Although many factors are certainly involved in snail defense from trematode infection, this study identifies for the first time the involvement of a specific snail gene, FREP3, in the phenotype of resistance to the medically important parasite, S. mansoni. The results have implications for revealing the underlying mechanisms involved in dictating the range of snail strains used by S. mansoni, and, more generally, for better understanding the phenomena of host specificity and host switching. It also highlights the role of a diversified invertebrate ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Patrick C Hanington Michelle A Forys Eric S Loker |
author_facet |
Patrick C Hanington Michelle A Forys Eric S Loker |
author_sort |
Patrick C Hanington |
title |
A somatically diversified defense factor, FREP3, is a determinant of snail resistance to schistosome infection. |
title_short |
A somatically diversified defense factor, FREP3, is a determinant of snail resistance to schistosome infection. |
title_full |
A somatically diversified defense factor, FREP3, is a determinant of snail resistance to schistosome infection. |
title_fullStr |
A somatically diversified defense factor, FREP3, is a determinant of snail resistance to schistosome infection. |
title_full_unstemmed |
A somatically diversified defense factor, FREP3, is a determinant of snail resistance to schistosome infection. |
title_sort |
somatically diversified defense factor, frep3, is a determinant of snail resistance to schistosome infection. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001591 https://doaj.org/article/c828ad88f6c44aef88fa1c994d3b9b6d |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 6, Iss 3, p e1591 (2012) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3313920?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001591 https://doaj.org/article/c828ad88f6c44aef88fa1c994d3b9b6d |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001591 |
container_title |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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6 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
e1591 |
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1766344665557106688 |