A Critical Systems Approach to Social Learning: Building Adaptive Capacity in Social, Ecological, Epistemological (SEE) Systems

• Published in: Ecology and Society
• Main Authors: Daniel D. P. McCarthy, Debbe D. Crandall, Graham S. Whitelaw, Zachariah General, Leonard J. S. Tsuji
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Resilience Alliance 2011
• Subjects: adaptive capacity; critical systems thinking; First Nations; social learning; Biology (General); QH301-705.5; Ecology; QH540-549.5; Canada
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-04255-160318; https://doaj.org/article/c716bdb0c49a44c89245c23a070d331f

This paper presents a conceptual tool, or heuristic, for describing the epistemological context for social learning within complex social-ecological systems. The heuristic integrates several definitions of social learning that emphasize the importance of critical reflection and its collaborative nature and that it is rooted in and oriented toward practice through social interactions. The conceptual tool is useful in identifying and conceptually mapping different perspectives based on types of learning described along three dimensions: typology of knowledge; different levels of critical reflection; and scale. The heuristic was originally developed in the context of an environmental planning process in southern Ontario, Canada, and is applied to identifying barriers and bridges to social learning in the case of flood damage reduction in a remote First Nations community in northern Ontario, Canada.