Warm bias of cold sea surface temperatures in the East Sea (Japan Sea)
The East/Japan Sea (ES) is regarded as a natural laboratory for predicting future changes in the global Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) under warming climates, as the ES MOC (EMOC) changes rapidly in comparison with the global MOC. Specifically, intermediate and deep-water masses of the ES...
Published in: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.965346 https://doaj.org/article/c6403c8020c4488e9a37be3cc8b4eb9b |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:c6403c8020c4488e9a37be3cc8b4eb9b |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:c6403c8020c4488e9a37be3cc8b4eb9b 2023-05-15T18:18:58+02:00 Warm bias of cold sea surface temperatures in the East Sea (Japan Sea) Seung-Tae Yoon JongJin Park 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.965346 https://doaj.org/article/c6403c8020c4488e9a37be3cc8b4eb9b EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.965346/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.965346 https://doaj.org/article/c6403c8020c4488e9a37be3cc8b4eb9b Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 9 (2022) sea surface temperature argo float data satellite data east sea bias correction outcropping Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.965346 2022-12-30T20:39:18Z The East/Japan Sea (ES) is regarded as a natural laboratory for predicting future changes in the global Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) under warming climates, as the ES MOC (EMOC) changes rapidly in comparison with the global MOC. Specifically, intermediate and deep-water masses of the ES are formed in its northern reaches via wind-driven subduction of surface water, and convection from the surface to deep layers during the winter. Accordingly, it is important to investigate the variation of winter sea surface temperatures (SSTs) for characterizing and predicting the EMOC; however, global SST products must be corrected and optimized for the ES, as they fail to incorporate the local marginal sea conditions. Here, a warm bias in cold SST was identified for three SST products, such as optimally interpolated sea surface temperatures (OISSTs), microwave SSTs, and operational SST and sea ice analysis products, suggesting the potential usefulness of a correction method incorporating Argo float data. When comparing OISSTs with 5 m temperature estimates from Argo float data during 2000–2020, under the assumption that the mixed layer depth is deeper than 8 m, a nearly normalized histogram of biases was produced, and the robust warm bias (mean = 0.9°C) was detected in the range of relatively cold SSTs (-2°C to 10°C), yet no significant bias in warm SSTs (> 10°C) was found. To minimize the warm bias in cold SSTs, OISSTs were corrected with an inverse 4th-order polynomial fitting method. Subsequently, the mean bias between the corrected SSTs and top depth temperatures of Argo float data was significantly reduced to less than 0.1°C. Moreover, the warm bias of cold SSTs resulted in severe underestimations of the outcropping area colder than 1°C over the northern region, as well as the occurrence period of 1°C to 5°C SSTs in the north-western ES. These results highlight the importance of local bias correction for SST products, and it is expected that the newly suggested correction method will improve model ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Sea ice Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Frontiers in Marine Science 9 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
sea surface temperature argo float data satellite data east sea bias correction outcropping Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
spellingShingle |
sea surface temperature argo float data satellite data east sea bias correction outcropping Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Seung-Tae Yoon JongJin Park Warm bias of cold sea surface temperatures in the East Sea (Japan Sea) |
topic_facet |
sea surface temperature argo float data satellite data east sea bias correction outcropping Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
description |
The East/Japan Sea (ES) is regarded as a natural laboratory for predicting future changes in the global Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) under warming climates, as the ES MOC (EMOC) changes rapidly in comparison with the global MOC. Specifically, intermediate and deep-water masses of the ES are formed in its northern reaches via wind-driven subduction of surface water, and convection from the surface to deep layers during the winter. Accordingly, it is important to investigate the variation of winter sea surface temperatures (SSTs) for characterizing and predicting the EMOC; however, global SST products must be corrected and optimized for the ES, as they fail to incorporate the local marginal sea conditions. Here, a warm bias in cold SST was identified for three SST products, such as optimally interpolated sea surface temperatures (OISSTs), microwave SSTs, and operational SST and sea ice analysis products, suggesting the potential usefulness of a correction method incorporating Argo float data. When comparing OISSTs with 5 m temperature estimates from Argo float data during 2000–2020, under the assumption that the mixed layer depth is deeper than 8 m, a nearly normalized histogram of biases was produced, and the robust warm bias (mean = 0.9°C) was detected in the range of relatively cold SSTs (-2°C to 10°C), yet no significant bias in warm SSTs (> 10°C) was found. To minimize the warm bias in cold SSTs, OISSTs were corrected with an inverse 4th-order polynomial fitting method. Subsequently, the mean bias between the corrected SSTs and top depth temperatures of Argo float data was significantly reduced to less than 0.1°C. Moreover, the warm bias of cold SSTs resulted in severe underestimations of the outcropping area colder than 1°C over the northern region, as well as the occurrence period of 1°C to 5°C SSTs in the north-western ES. These results highlight the importance of local bias correction for SST products, and it is expected that the newly suggested correction method will improve model ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Seung-Tae Yoon JongJin Park |
author_facet |
Seung-Tae Yoon JongJin Park |
author_sort |
Seung-Tae Yoon |
title |
Warm bias of cold sea surface temperatures in the East Sea (Japan Sea) |
title_short |
Warm bias of cold sea surface temperatures in the East Sea (Japan Sea) |
title_full |
Warm bias of cold sea surface temperatures in the East Sea (Japan Sea) |
title_fullStr |
Warm bias of cold sea surface temperatures in the East Sea (Japan Sea) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Warm bias of cold sea surface temperatures in the East Sea (Japan Sea) |
title_sort |
warm bias of cold sea surface temperatures in the east sea (japan sea) |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.965346 https://doaj.org/article/c6403c8020c4488e9a37be3cc8b4eb9b |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 9 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.965346/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.965346 https://doaj.org/article/c6403c8020c4488e9a37be3cc8b4eb9b |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.965346 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
9 |
_version_ |
1766195746699214848 |