Temperature impacts Atlantic salmon's (Salmo salar) immunological response to infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAv).
Ocean temperatures continue to rise annually due to the ever-growing consequences of global climate change. These temperature changes can have an impact on the immunological robustness of cultured fish, especially cold-water species such as Atlantic salmon. The salmon farming industry already loses...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:c5e679e48b36464cb88048486092cfaa 2023-07-16T03:57:29+02:00 Temperature impacts Atlantic salmon's (Salmo salar) immunological response to infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAv). L Groves SK Whyte SL Purcell D Michaud WC Cai AF Garber MD Fast 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100099 https://doaj.org/article/c5e679e48b36464cb88048486092cfaa EN eng Elsevier http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667011923000191 https://doaj.org/toc/2667-0119 2667-0119 doi:10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100099 https://doaj.org/article/c5e679e48b36464cb88048486092cfaa Fish and Shellfish Immunology Reports, Vol 4, Iss , Pp 100099- (2023) Temperature Salmon ISAv Anti-viral Immune response Vaccination Zoology QL1-991 article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100099 2023-06-25T00:36:27Z Ocean temperatures continue to rise annually due to the ever-growing consequences of global climate change. These temperature changes can have an impact on the immunological robustness of cultured fish, especially cold-water species such as Atlantic salmon. The salmon farming industry already loses hundreds of millions of dollars each year to infectious and non-infectious diseases. One particularly important and WOAH reportable disease is infectious salmon anemia caused by the orthomyxovirus ISAv. Considering the changing environment, it is necessary to find ways to mitigate the effect of diseases on the industry. For this study, 20 Atlantic salmon families were housed in each of 38 different tanks at the AVC, with half of the fish being kept at 10 °C and half being kept at 20 °C. Donor Atlantic salmon IP- injected with a highly virulent ISAv isolate (HPR4; TCID50 of 1 × 105/mL) were added to each tank as the source of co-habitation infection. Both temperatures were sampled at onset of mortality in co-habited fish and at resolution of mortality. Family background and temperature significantly impacted ISAv load, as assessed by qPCR, time to mortality and overall mortality. Mortality was more acute at 20 °C, but overall mortality was higher at 10 °C. Based on percent mortality calculated over the course of the study, different families demonstrated different levels of survival. The three families that demonstrated the highest percent mortality, and the three families with the lowest percent mortality were then assessed for their antiviral responses using relative gene expression. Genes significantly upregulated between the unexposed fish and ISAv exposed fish included mx1, il4/13a, il12rb2, and trim25, and these were further impacted by temperature. Understanding how ISAv resistance is impacted by temperature can help identify seasonal risks of ISAv outbreaks as well as ideal responses to be targeted through immunopotentiation. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Fish and Shellfish Immunology Reports 4 100099 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Temperature Salmon ISAv Anti-viral Immune response Vaccination Zoology QL1-991 |
spellingShingle |
Temperature Salmon ISAv Anti-viral Immune response Vaccination Zoology QL1-991 L Groves SK Whyte SL Purcell D Michaud WC Cai AF Garber MD Fast Temperature impacts Atlantic salmon's (Salmo salar) immunological response to infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAv). |
topic_facet |
Temperature Salmon ISAv Anti-viral Immune response Vaccination Zoology QL1-991 |
description |
Ocean temperatures continue to rise annually due to the ever-growing consequences of global climate change. These temperature changes can have an impact on the immunological robustness of cultured fish, especially cold-water species such as Atlantic salmon. The salmon farming industry already loses hundreds of millions of dollars each year to infectious and non-infectious diseases. One particularly important and WOAH reportable disease is infectious salmon anemia caused by the orthomyxovirus ISAv. Considering the changing environment, it is necessary to find ways to mitigate the effect of diseases on the industry. For this study, 20 Atlantic salmon families were housed in each of 38 different tanks at the AVC, with half of the fish being kept at 10 °C and half being kept at 20 °C. Donor Atlantic salmon IP- injected with a highly virulent ISAv isolate (HPR4; TCID50 of 1 × 105/mL) were added to each tank as the source of co-habitation infection. Both temperatures were sampled at onset of mortality in co-habited fish and at resolution of mortality. Family background and temperature significantly impacted ISAv load, as assessed by qPCR, time to mortality and overall mortality. Mortality was more acute at 20 °C, but overall mortality was higher at 10 °C. Based on percent mortality calculated over the course of the study, different families demonstrated different levels of survival. The three families that demonstrated the highest percent mortality, and the three families with the lowest percent mortality were then assessed for their antiviral responses using relative gene expression. Genes significantly upregulated between the unexposed fish and ISAv exposed fish included mx1, il4/13a, il12rb2, and trim25, and these were further impacted by temperature. Understanding how ISAv resistance is impacted by temperature can help identify seasonal risks of ISAv outbreaks as well as ideal responses to be targeted through immunopotentiation. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
L Groves SK Whyte SL Purcell D Michaud WC Cai AF Garber MD Fast |
author_facet |
L Groves SK Whyte SL Purcell D Michaud WC Cai AF Garber MD Fast |
author_sort |
L Groves |
title |
Temperature impacts Atlantic salmon's (Salmo salar) immunological response to infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAv). |
title_short |
Temperature impacts Atlantic salmon's (Salmo salar) immunological response to infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAv). |
title_full |
Temperature impacts Atlantic salmon's (Salmo salar) immunological response to infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAv). |
title_fullStr |
Temperature impacts Atlantic salmon's (Salmo salar) immunological response to infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAv). |
title_full_unstemmed |
Temperature impacts Atlantic salmon's (Salmo salar) immunological response to infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAv). |
title_sort |
temperature impacts atlantic salmon's (salmo salar) immunological response to infectious salmon anemia virus (isav). |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100099 https://doaj.org/article/c5e679e48b36464cb88048486092cfaa |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Fish and Shellfish Immunology Reports, Vol 4, Iss , Pp 100099- (2023) |
op_relation |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667011923000191 https://doaj.org/toc/2667-0119 2667-0119 doi:10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100099 https://doaj.org/article/c5e679e48b36464cb88048486092cfaa |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100099 |
container_title |
Fish and Shellfish Immunology Reports |
container_volume |
4 |
container_start_page |
100099 |
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1771544094523260928 |