Dynamic Projection Method of Electronic Navigational Charts for Polar Navigation
Electronic navigational charts (ENCs) are geospatial databases compiled in strict accordance with the technical specifications of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) is a Geographic Information System (GIS) operated by ENCs for r...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:c57a5291479a4104837b2ab98e315f9b 2024-09-09T19:28:08+00:00 Dynamic Projection Method of Electronic Navigational Charts for Polar Navigation Chenchen Jiao Xiaoxia Wan Houpu Li Shaofeng Bian 2024-03-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12040577 https://doaj.org/article/c57a5291479a4104837b2ab98e315f9b EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/12/4/577 https://doaj.org/toc/2077-1312 doi:10.3390/jmse12040577 2077-1312 https://doaj.org/article/c57a5291479a4104837b2ab98e315f9b Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Vol 12, Iss 4, p 577 (2024) polar navigation ENCs complex function dynamic projection multithread-double buffer Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 article 2024 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12040577 2024-08-05T17:49:32Z Electronic navigational charts (ENCs) are geospatial databases compiled in strict accordance with the technical specifications of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) is a Geographic Information System (GIS) operated by ENCs for real-time navigation at sea, which is one of the key technologies for intelligent ships to realize autonomous navigation, intelligent decision-making, and other functions. Facing the urgent demand for high-precision and real-time nautical chart products for polar navigation under the new situation, the projection of ENCs for polar navigation is systematically analyzed in this paper. Based on the theory of complex functions, we derive direct transformations of Mercator projection, polar Gauss-Krüger projection, and polar stereographic projection. A rational set of dynamic projection options oriented towards polar navigation is proposed with reference to existing specifications for the compilation of the ENCs. From the perspective of nautical users, rather than the GIS expert or professional cartographer, an ENCs visualization idea based on multithread-double buffering is integrated into Polar Region Electronic Navigational Charts software, which effectively solves the problem of large projection distortion in polar navigation applications. Taking the CGCS2000 reference ellipsoid as an example, the numerical analysis shows that the length distortion of the Mercator projection is less than 10% in the region up to 74°, but it is more than 80% at very high latitudes. The maximum distortion of the polar Gauss-Krüger projection does not exceed 10%. The degree of distortion of the polar stereographic projection is less than 1% above 79°. In addition, the computational errors of the direct conversion formulas do not exceed <semantics> 1 0 − 9 </semantics> m throughout the Arctic range. From the point of view of the computational efficiency of the direct conversion model, it takes no more than 0.1 s to compute nearly ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12 4 577 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
polar navigation ENCs complex function dynamic projection multithread-double buffer Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 |
spellingShingle |
polar navigation ENCs complex function dynamic projection multithread-double buffer Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 Chenchen Jiao Xiaoxia Wan Houpu Li Shaofeng Bian Dynamic Projection Method of Electronic Navigational Charts for Polar Navigation |
topic_facet |
polar navigation ENCs complex function dynamic projection multithread-double buffer Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 |
description |
Electronic navigational charts (ENCs) are geospatial databases compiled in strict accordance with the technical specifications of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) is a Geographic Information System (GIS) operated by ENCs for real-time navigation at sea, which is one of the key technologies for intelligent ships to realize autonomous navigation, intelligent decision-making, and other functions. Facing the urgent demand for high-precision and real-time nautical chart products for polar navigation under the new situation, the projection of ENCs for polar navigation is systematically analyzed in this paper. Based on the theory of complex functions, we derive direct transformations of Mercator projection, polar Gauss-Krüger projection, and polar stereographic projection. A rational set of dynamic projection options oriented towards polar navigation is proposed with reference to existing specifications for the compilation of the ENCs. From the perspective of nautical users, rather than the GIS expert or professional cartographer, an ENCs visualization idea based on multithread-double buffering is integrated into Polar Region Electronic Navigational Charts software, which effectively solves the problem of large projection distortion in polar navigation applications. Taking the CGCS2000 reference ellipsoid as an example, the numerical analysis shows that the length distortion of the Mercator projection is less than 10% in the region up to 74°, but it is more than 80% at very high latitudes. The maximum distortion of the polar Gauss-Krüger projection does not exceed 10%. The degree of distortion of the polar stereographic projection is less than 1% above 79°. In addition, the computational errors of the direct conversion formulas do not exceed <semantics> 1 0 − 9 </semantics> m throughout the Arctic range. From the point of view of the computational efficiency of the direct conversion model, it takes no more than 0.1 s to compute nearly ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Chenchen Jiao Xiaoxia Wan Houpu Li Shaofeng Bian |
author_facet |
Chenchen Jiao Xiaoxia Wan Houpu Li Shaofeng Bian |
author_sort |
Chenchen Jiao |
title |
Dynamic Projection Method of Electronic Navigational Charts for Polar Navigation |
title_short |
Dynamic Projection Method of Electronic Navigational Charts for Polar Navigation |
title_full |
Dynamic Projection Method of Electronic Navigational Charts for Polar Navigation |
title_fullStr |
Dynamic Projection Method of Electronic Navigational Charts for Polar Navigation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Dynamic Projection Method of Electronic Navigational Charts for Polar Navigation |
title_sort |
dynamic projection method of electronic navigational charts for polar navigation |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12040577 https://doaj.org/article/c57a5291479a4104837b2ab98e315f9b |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Vol 12, Iss 4, p 577 (2024) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/12/4/577 https://doaj.org/toc/2077-1312 doi:10.3390/jmse12040577 2077-1312 https://doaj.org/article/c57a5291479a4104837b2ab98e315f9b |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12040577 |
container_title |
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
577 |
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1809897407881674752 |