How can we understand the global distribution of the solar cycle signal on the Earth's surface?
To understand solar cycle signals on the Earth's surface and identify the physical mechanisms responsible, surface temperature variations from observations as well as climate model data are analysed to characterize their spatial structure. The solar signal in the annual mean surface temperature...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:c41532b20f274f468a9256ffe8a3c781 2023-05-15T17:36:00+02:00 How can we understand the global distribution of the solar cycle signal on the Earth's surface? K. Kodera R. Thiéblemont S. Yukimoto K. Matthes 2016-10-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12925-2016 https://doaj.org/article/c41532b20f274f468a9256ffe8a3c781 EN eng Copernicus Publications https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/12925/2016/acp-16-12925-2016.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-16-12925-2016 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/c41532b20f274f468a9256ffe8a3c781 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 16, Pp 12925-12944 (2016) Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 article 2016 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12925-2016 2022-12-31T15:31:56Z To understand solar cycle signals on the Earth's surface and identify the physical mechanisms responsible, surface temperature variations from observations as well as climate model data are analysed to characterize their spatial structure. The solar signal in the annual mean surface temperature is characterized by (i) mid-latitude warming and (ii) no overall tropical warming. The mid-latitude warming during solar maxima in both hemispheres is associated with a downward penetration of zonal mean zonal wind anomalies from the upper stratosphere during late winter. During the Northern Hemisphere winter this is manifested by a modulation of the polar-night jet, whereas in the Southern Hemisphere, the upper stratospheric subtropical jet plays the major role. Warming signals are particularly apparent over the Eurasian continent and ocean frontal zones, including a previously reported lagged response over the North Atlantic. In the tropics, local warming occurs over the Indian and central Pacific oceans during high solar activity. However, this warming is counterbalanced by cooling over the cold tongue sectors in the southeastern Pacific and the South Atlantic, and results in a very weak zonally averaged tropical mean signal. The cooling in the ocean basins is associated with stronger cross-equatorial winds resulting from a northward shift of the ascending branch of the Hadley circulation during solar maxima. To understand the complex processes involved in the solar signal transfer, results of an idealized middle atmosphere–ocean coupled model experiment on the impact of stratospheric zonal wind changes are compared with solar signals in observations. Model integration of 100 years of strong or weak stratospheric westerly jet condition in winter may exaggerate long-term ocean feedback. However, the role of ocean in the solar influence on the Earth's surface can be better seen. Although the momentum forcing differs from that of solar radiative forcing, the model results suggest that stratospheric changes can influence ... Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic polar night Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Pacific Indian Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16 20 12925 12944 |
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English |
topic |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
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Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 K. Kodera R. Thiéblemont S. Yukimoto K. Matthes How can we understand the global distribution of the solar cycle signal on the Earth's surface? |
topic_facet |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
description |
To understand solar cycle signals on the Earth's surface and identify the physical mechanisms responsible, surface temperature variations from observations as well as climate model data are analysed to characterize their spatial structure. The solar signal in the annual mean surface temperature is characterized by (i) mid-latitude warming and (ii) no overall tropical warming. The mid-latitude warming during solar maxima in both hemispheres is associated with a downward penetration of zonal mean zonal wind anomalies from the upper stratosphere during late winter. During the Northern Hemisphere winter this is manifested by a modulation of the polar-night jet, whereas in the Southern Hemisphere, the upper stratospheric subtropical jet plays the major role. Warming signals are particularly apparent over the Eurasian continent and ocean frontal zones, including a previously reported lagged response over the North Atlantic. In the tropics, local warming occurs over the Indian and central Pacific oceans during high solar activity. However, this warming is counterbalanced by cooling over the cold tongue sectors in the southeastern Pacific and the South Atlantic, and results in a very weak zonally averaged tropical mean signal. The cooling in the ocean basins is associated with stronger cross-equatorial winds resulting from a northward shift of the ascending branch of the Hadley circulation during solar maxima. To understand the complex processes involved in the solar signal transfer, results of an idealized middle atmosphere–ocean coupled model experiment on the impact of stratospheric zonal wind changes are compared with solar signals in observations. Model integration of 100 years of strong or weak stratospheric westerly jet condition in winter may exaggerate long-term ocean feedback. However, the role of ocean in the solar influence on the Earth's surface can be better seen. Although the momentum forcing differs from that of solar radiative forcing, the model results suggest that stratospheric changes can influence ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
K. Kodera R. Thiéblemont S. Yukimoto K. Matthes |
author_facet |
K. Kodera R. Thiéblemont S. Yukimoto K. Matthes |
author_sort |
K. Kodera |
title |
How can we understand the global distribution of the solar cycle signal on the Earth's surface? |
title_short |
How can we understand the global distribution of the solar cycle signal on the Earth's surface? |
title_full |
How can we understand the global distribution of the solar cycle signal on the Earth's surface? |
title_fullStr |
How can we understand the global distribution of the solar cycle signal on the Earth's surface? |
title_full_unstemmed |
How can we understand the global distribution of the solar cycle signal on the Earth's surface? |
title_sort |
how can we understand the global distribution of the solar cycle signal on the earth's surface? |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12925-2016 https://doaj.org/article/c41532b20f274f468a9256ffe8a3c781 |
geographic |
Pacific Indian |
geographic_facet |
Pacific Indian |
genre |
North Atlantic polar night |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic polar night |
op_source |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 16, Pp 12925-12944 (2016) |
op_relation |
https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/12925/2016/acp-16-12925-2016.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-16-12925-2016 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/c41532b20f274f468a9256ffe8a3c781 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12925-2016 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
16 |
container_issue |
20 |
container_start_page |
12925 |
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12944 |
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