Ocean–Atmosphere Variability in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean during Active Marine Heatwave Years
The Northwest (NW) Atlantic has experienced extreme ecological impacts from Marine Heatwaves (MHWs) within the past decade. This paper focuses on four MHW active years (2012, 2016, 2017, and 2020) and the relationship between Sea Surface Temperature anomalies (SSTA), Sea Surface Salinity anomalies (...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:c3924e3b109a4617969a7f3f286cbcd6 2023-05-15T17:34:59+02:00 Ocean–Atmosphere Variability in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean during Active Marine Heatwave Years Lydia D. Sims Bulusu Subrahmanyam Corinne B. Trott 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122913 https://doaj.org/article/c3924e3b109a4617969a7f3f286cbcd6 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/12/2913 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 doi:10.3390/rs14122913 2072-4292 https://doaj.org/article/c3924e3b109a4617969a7f3f286cbcd6 Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 2913, p 2913 (2022) Marine Heatwaves Jet Stream air–sea interaction SMOS salinity SST NAO Science Q article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122913 2022-12-31T03:13:46Z The Northwest (NW) Atlantic has experienced extreme ecological impacts from Marine Heatwaves (MHWs) within the past decade. This paper focuses on four MHW active years (2012, 2016, 2017, and 2020) and the relationship between Sea Surface Temperature anomalies (SSTA), Sea Surface Salinity anomalies (SSSA), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Geopotential Height anomalies (ZA), and anomalous Jet Stream positions (JSPA). Multichannel singular spectrum analysis (MSSA) reveals the strongest temporal covariances between SSSA and SSTA, and JSPA and SSTA for all years, particularly for 2020 (SSSA–SSTA: 50%, JSPA–SSTA: 51%) indicating that this active MHW year was more atmospherically driven, followed by 2012, which had the second highest temporal covariances (SSSA–SSTA: 47%, JSPA–SSTA: 50%) between these parameters. Spatial correlations for SSSA and SSTA between NAO during MHW active years disrupt the long–term (2010–2020) positive relationship in the NW Atlantic. SSSA and JSPA, and SSSA and SSTA were strongly correlated across the NW Atlantic; 2012 SSSA–JSPA correlations were strong and positive between 56–62°W, and 2016, 2017, and 2020 SSSA–JSPA correlations were mostly strong and negative, with strong positive correlations present near the coastline (70–66°W) or off the NW Atlantic shelf (52–48°W). SSSA–SSTA showed the opposite correlations of similar spatial distributions of SSSA–JSPA for all MHW active years. This indicates strong relationships between JSPA, SSSA, and SSTA during MHWs. Understanding the temporal and spatial interplay between these parameters will aid in better monitoring and prediction of MHWs. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Northwest Atlantic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Remote Sensing 14 12 2913 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Marine Heatwaves Jet Stream air–sea interaction SMOS salinity SST NAO Science Q |
spellingShingle |
Marine Heatwaves Jet Stream air–sea interaction SMOS salinity SST NAO Science Q Lydia D. Sims Bulusu Subrahmanyam Corinne B. Trott Ocean–Atmosphere Variability in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean during Active Marine Heatwave Years |
topic_facet |
Marine Heatwaves Jet Stream air–sea interaction SMOS salinity SST NAO Science Q |
description |
The Northwest (NW) Atlantic has experienced extreme ecological impacts from Marine Heatwaves (MHWs) within the past decade. This paper focuses on four MHW active years (2012, 2016, 2017, and 2020) and the relationship between Sea Surface Temperature anomalies (SSTA), Sea Surface Salinity anomalies (SSSA), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Geopotential Height anomalies (ZA), and anomalous Jet Stream positions (JSPA). Multichannel singular spectrum analysis (MSSA) reveals the strongest temporal covariances between SSSA and SSTA, and JSPA and SSTA for all years, particularly for 2020 (SSSA–SSTA: 50%, JSPA–SSTA: 51%) indicating that this active MHW year was more atmospherically driven, followed by 2012, which had the second highest temporal covariances (SSSA–SSTA: 47%, JSPA–SSTA: 50%) between these parameters. Spatial correlations for SSSA and SSTA between NAO during MHW active years disrupt the long–term (2010–2020) positive relationship in the NW Atlantic. SSSA and JSPA, and SSSA and SSTA were strongly correlated across the NW Atlantic; 2012 SSSA–JSPA correlations were strong and positive between 56–62°W, and 2016, 2017, and 2020 SSSA–JSPA correlations were mostly strong and negative, with strong positive correlations present near the coastline (70–66°W) or off the NW Atlantic shelf (52–48°W). SSSA–SSTA showed the opposite correlations of similar spatial distributions of SSSA–JSPA for all MHW active years. This indicates strong relationships between JSPA, SSSA, and SSTA during MHWs. Understanding the temporal and spatial interplay between these parameters will aid in better monitoring and prediction of MHWs. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Lydia D. Sims Bulusu Subrahmanyam Corinne B. Trott |
author_facet |
Lydia D. Sims Bulusu Subrahmanyam Corinne B. Trott |
author_sort |
Lydia D. Sims |
title |
Ocean–Atmosphere Variability in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean during Active Marine Heatwave Years |
title_short |
Ocean–Atmosphere Variability in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean during Active Marine Heatwave Years |
title_full |
Ocean–Atmosphere Variability in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean during Active Marine Heatwave Years |
title_fullStr |
Ocean–Atmosphere Variability in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean during Active Marine Heatwave Years |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ocean–Atmosphere Variability in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean during Active Marine Heatwave Years |
title_sort |
ocean–atmosphere variability in the northwest atlantic ocean during active marine heatwave years |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122913 https://doaj.org/article/c3924e3b109a4617969a7f3f286cbcd6 |
genre |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Northwest Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Northwest Atlantic |
op_source |
Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 2913, p 2913 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/12/2913 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 doi:10.3390/rs14122913 2072-4292 https://doaj.org/article/c3924e3b109a4617969a7f3f286cbcd6 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122913 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
2913 |
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1766133992897118208 |