Song divergence indicates an unclear relationship between the Neotropical and Nearctic Horned Larks
Abstract Background Some studies have indicated that the Horned Larks (Eremophila alpestris) should be considered as a species complex. Recently it split into four species or clades and seven subclades based on genetic, morphological, and biogeographic data. However, other aspects like song divergen...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:c2a2d298916f418a991be622be7335a6 2023-05-15T16:06:20+02:00 Song divergence indicates an unclear relationship between the Neotropical and Nearctic Horned Larks Jimmy Alexander Vargas-Puentes Luis Alejandro Arias-Sosa Carolina Ramos-Montaño 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s40657-021-00251-y https://doaj.org/article/c2a2d298916f418a991be622be7335a6 EN eng BMC https://doi.org/10.1186/s40657-021-00251-y https://doaj.org/toc/2053-7166 doi:10.1186/s40657-021-00251-y 2053-7166 https://doaj.org/article/c2a2d298916f418a991be622be7335a6 Avian Research, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021) Birdsong Eremophila alpestris peregrina Song features Speciation Reproductive barrier Zoology QL1-991 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s40657-021-00251-y 2022-12-31T05:35:39Z Abstract Background Some studies have indicated that the Horned Larks (Eremophila alpestris) should be considered as a species complex. Recently it split into four species or clades and seven subclades based on genetic, morphological, and biogeographic data. However, other aspects like song divergence have not been studied and several subspecies have not been evaluated, leading to important information gaps in this group of birds. In this work, we aimed to assess the differences in song traits and playback response between the Nearctic subclade and the Neotropical or Colombian subspecies E. a. peregrina. Methods We compared six song traits between these groups and performed field playback experiments, to test the response of the Neotropical larks to both songs. We tested the difference in the variables for separate as well as by principal component analysis (PCA). Results We found significant differences (p < 0.05) in the individual song traits and the PCA analysis between the two groups. Further, the PCA analysis showed a clearer divergence of the Neotropical songs in comparison to the Nearctic songs of different locations within North America. Similarly, the playback analysis showed a significantly lower response of E. a. peregrina to the songs of the Nearctic larks. Conclusions Besides this song divergence, there are important ecological and biogeographic differences between the Neotropical and Nearctic Horned Larks, that indicate an unclear relationship between these two groups. Thus, further morphological and genetic studies are required to clarify the taxonomy of the Neotropical Horned Lark and define if they share the same evolutionary history as the other subspecies of the Nearctic subclade. Article in Journal/Newspaper Eremophila alpestris Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Avian Research 12 1 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Birdsong Eremophila alpestris peregrina Song features Speciation Reproductive barrier Zoology QL1-991 |
spellingShingle |
Birdsong Eremophila alpestris peregrina Song features Speciation Reproductive barrier Zoology QL1-991 Jimmy Alexander Vargas-Puentes Luis Alejandro Arias-Sosa Carolina Ramos-Montaño Song divergence indicates an unclear relationship between the Neotropical and Nearctic Horned Larks |
topic_facet |
Birdsong Eremophila alpestris peregrina Song features Speciation Reproductive barrier Zoology QL1-991 |
description |
Abstract Background Some studies have indicated that the Horned Larks (Eremophila alpestris) should be considered as a species complex. Recently it split into four species or clades and seven subclades based on genetic, morphological, and biogeographic data. However, other aspects like song divergence have not been studied and several subspecies have not been evaluated, leading to important information gaps in this group of birds. In this work, we aimed to assess the differences in song traits and playback response between the Nearctic subclade and the Neotropical or Colombian subspecies E. a. peregrina. Methods We compared six song traits between these groups and performed field playback experiments, to test the response of the Neotropical larks to both songs. We tested the difference in the variables for separate as well as by principal component analysis (PCA). Results We found significant differences (p < 0.05) in the individual song traits and the PCA analysis between the two groups. Further, the PCA analysis showed a clearer divergence of the Neotropical songs in comparison to the Nearctic songs of different locations within North America. Similarly, the playback analysis showed a significantly lower response of E. a. peregrina to the songs of the Nearctic larks. Conclusions Besides this song divergence, there are important ecological and biogeographic differences between the Neotropical and Nearctic Horned Larks, that indicate an unclear relationship between these two groups. Thus, further morphological and genetic studies are required to clarify the taxonomy of the Neotropical Horned Lark and define if they share the same evolutionary history as the other subspecies of the Nearctic subclade. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Jimmy Alexander Vargas-Puentes Luis Alejandro Arias-Sosa Carolina Ramos-Montaño |
author_facet |
Jimmy Alexander Vargas-Puentes Luis Alejandro Arias-Sosa Carolina Ramos-Montaño |
author_sort |
Jimmy Alexander Vargas-Puentes |
title |
Song divergence indicates an unclear relationship between the Neotropical and Nearctic Horned Larks |
title_short |
Song divergence indicates an unclear relationship between the Neotropical and Nearctic Horned Larks |
title_full |
Song divergence indicates an unclear relationship between the Neotropical and Nearctic Horned Larks |
title_fullStr |
Song divergence indicates an unclear relationship between the Neotropical and Nearctic Horned Larks |
title_full_unstemmed |
Song divergence indicates an unclear relationship between the Neotropical and Nearctic Horned Larks |
title_sort |
song divergence indicates an unclear relationship between the neotropical and nearctic horned larks |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40657-021-00251-y https://doaj.org/article/c2a2d298916f418a991be622be7335a6 |
genre |
Eremophila alpestris |
genre_facet |
Eremophila alpestris |
op_source |
Avian Research, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40657-021-00251-y https://doaj.org/toc/2053-7166 doi:10.1186/s40657-021-00251-y 2053-7166 https://doaj.org/article/c2a2d298916f418a991be622be7335a6 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40657-021-00251-y |
container_title |
Avian Research |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766402233064226816 |