Spatial and temporal variability in summer snow pack in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica
To quantify the spatial and temporal variability in the snow pack, field measurements were carried out during four summers in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Data from a 310-km-long transect revealed the largest horizontal gradients in snow density, temperature, and hardness in the escarpment region...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:c26171c20477444b8469cf8149165be0 2023-05-15T13:46:45+02:00 Spatial and temporal variability in summer snow pack in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica T. Vihma O.-P. Mattila R. Pirazzini M. M. Johansson 2011-03-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-187-2011 https://doaj.org/article/c26171c20477444b8469cf8149165be0 EN eng Copernicus Publications http://www.the-cryosphere.net/5/187/2011/tc-5-187-2011.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-5-187-2011 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://doaj.org/article/c26171c20477444b8469cf8149165be0 The Cryosphere, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 187-201 (2011) Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 article 2011 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-187-2011 2022-12-31T05:16:26Z To quantify the spatial and temporal variability in the snow pack, field measurements were carried out during four summers in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Data from a 310-km-long transect revealed the largest horizontal gradients in snow density, temperature, and hardness in the escarpment region. On the local scale, day-to-day temporal variability dominated the standard deviation of snow temperature, while the diurnal cycle was of second significance, and horizontal variability on the scale of 0.4 to 10 m was least important. In the uppermost 0.2 m, the snow temperature was correlated with the air temperature over the previous 6–12 h, whereas at the depths of 0.3 to 0.5 m the most important time scale was 3 days. Cloud cover and radiative fluxes affected the snow temperature in the uppermost 0.30 m and the snow density in the uppermost 0.10 m. Both on the intra-pit and transect scales, the ratio of horizontal to temporal variability increased with depth. The horizontal standard deviation of snow density increased rapidly between the scales of 0.4 and 2 m, and more gradually from 10 to 100 m. Inter-annual variations in snow temperature and density were due to inter-annual differences in air temperature and the timing of the precipitation events. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica Dronning Maud Land The Cryosphere Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Dronning Maud Land The Cryosphere 5 1 187 201 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 T. Vihma O.-P. Mattila R. Pirazzini M. M. Johansson Spatial and temporal variability in summer snow pack in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica |
topic_facet |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
To quantify the spatial and temporal variability in the snow pack, field measurements were carried out during four summers in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Data from a 310-km-long transect revealed the largest horizontal gradients in snow density, temperature, and hardness in the escarpment region. On the local scale, day-to-day temporal variability dominated the standard deviation of snow temperature, while the diurnal cycle was of second significance, and horizontal variability on the scale of 0.4 to 10 m was least important. In the uppermost 0.2 m, the snow temperature was correlated with the air temperature over the previous 6–12 h, whereas at the depths of 0.3 to 0.5 m the most important time scale was 3 days. Cloud cover and radiative fluxes affected the snow temperature in the uppermost 0.30 m and the snow density in the uppermost 0.10 m. Both on the intra-pit and transect scales, the ratio of horizontal to temporal variability increased with depth. The horizontal standard deviation of snow density increased rapidly between the scales of 0.4 and 2 m, and more gradually from 10 to 100 m. Inter-annual variations in snow temperature and density were due to inter-annual differences in air temperature and the timing of the precipitation events. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
T. Vihma O.-P. Mattila R. Pirazzini M. M. Johansson |
author_facet |
T. Vihma O.-P. Mattila R. Pirazzini M. M. Johansson |
author_sort |
T. Vihma |
title |
Spatial and temporal variability in summer snow pack in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica |
title_short |
Spatial and temporal variability in summer snow pack in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica |
title_full |
Spatial and temporal variability in summer snow pack in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica |
title_fullStr |
Spatial and temporal variability in summer snow pack in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica |
title_full_unstemmed |
Spatial and temporal variability in summer snow pack in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica |
title_sort |
spatial and temporal variability in summer snow pack in dronning maud land, antarctica |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-187-2011 https://doaj.org/article/c26171c20477444b8469cf8149165be0 |
geographic |
Dronning Maud Land |
geographic_facet |
Dronning Maud Land |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica Dronning Maud Land The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica Dronning Maud Land The Cryosphere |
op_source |
The Cryosphere, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 187-201 (2011) |
op_relation |
http://www.the-cryosphere.net/5/187/2011/tc-5-187-2011.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-5-187-2011 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://doaj.org/article/c26171c20477444b8469cf8149165be0 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-187-2011 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
5 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
187 |
op_container_end_page |
201 |
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1766245172785446912 |