Methane Hydrate Pellet Transport Using the Self-Preservation Effect: A Techno-Economic Analysis
Within the German integrated project SUGAR, aiming for the development of new technologies for the exploration and exploitation of submarine gas hydrates, the option of gas transport by gas hydrate pellets has been comprehensively re-investigated. A series of pVT dissociation experiments, combined w...
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MDPI AG
2012
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:c23282503666430aa9cf1c493cefdb33 2023-05-15T17:11:31+02:00 Methane Hydrate Pellet Transport Using the Self-Preservation Effect: A Techno-Economic Analysis Hans Osterkamp Christoph Windmeier Rainer Hamann Nina Kähler Werner F. Kuhs Markus Elfgen Andrzej Falenty Robert Eckl Gregor Rehder 2012-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/en5072499 https://doaj.org/article/c23282503666430aa9cf1c493cefdb33 EN eng MDPI AG http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/5/7/2499 https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1073 doi:10.3390/en5072499 1996-1073 https://doaj.org/article/c23282503666430aa9cf1c493cefdb33 Energies, Vol 5, Iss 7, Pp 2499-2523 (2012) methane hydrate NGH gas transport self-preservation LNG CNG pipeline methane hydrate carrier risk analysis Technology T article 2012 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/en5072499 2022-12-30T20:01:06Z Within the German integrated project SUGAR, aiming for the development of new technologies for the exploration and exploitation of submarine gas hydrates, the option of gas transport by gas hydrate pellets has been comprehensively re-investigated. A series of pVT dissociation experiments, combined with analytical tools such as x-ray diffraction and cryo-SEM, were used to gather an additional level of understanding on effects controlling ice formation. Based on these new findings and the accessible literature, knowns and unknowns of the self-preservation effect important for the technology are summarized. A conceptual process design for methane hydrate production and pelletisation has been developed. For the major steps identified, comprising (i) hydrate formation; (ii) dewatering; (iii) pelletisation; (iv) pellet cooling; and (v) pressure relief, available technologies have been evaluated, and modifications and amendments included where needed. A hydrate carrier has been designed, featuring amongst other technical solutions a pivoted cargo system with the potential to mitigate sintering, an actively cooled containment and cargo distribution system, and a dual fuel engine allowing the use of the boil-off gas. The design was constrained by the properties of gas hydrate pellets, the expected operation on continental slopes in areas with rough seas, a scenario-defined loading capacity of 20,000 m 3 methane hydrate pellets, and safety as well as environmental considerations. A risk analysis for the transport at sea has been carried out in this early stage of development, and the safety level of the new concept was compared to the safety level of other ship types with similar scopes, i.e. , LNG carriers and crude oil tankers. Based on the results of the technological part of this study, and with best knowledge available on the alternative technologies, i.e. , pipeline, LNG and CNG transportation, an evaluation of the economic competitiveness of the methane hydrate transport technology has been performed. The analysis ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Methane hydrate Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles The Boil ENVELOPE(-57.443,-57.443,-63.496,-63.496) Energies 5 7 2499 2523 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
methane hydrate NGH gas transport self-preservation LNG CNG pipeline methane hydrate carrier risk analysis Technology T |
spellingShingle |
methane hydrate NGH gas transport self-preservation LNG CNG pipeline methane hydrate carrier risk analysis Technology T Hans Osterkamp Christoph Windmeier Rainer Hamann Nina Kähler Werner F. Kuhs Markus Elfgen Andrzej Falenty Robert Eckl Gregor Rehder Methane Hydrate Pellet Transport Using the Self-Preservation Effect: A Techno-Economic Analysis |
topic_facet |
methane hydrate NGH gas transport self-preservation LNG CNG pipeline methane hydrate carrier risk analysis Technology T |
description |
Within the German integrated project SUGAR, aiming for the development of new technologies for the exploration and exploitation of submarine gas hydrates, the option of gas transport by gas hydrate pellets has been comprehensively re-investigated. A series of pVT dissociation experiments, combined with analytical tools such as x-ray diffraction and cryo-SEM, were used to gather an additional level of understanding on effects controlling ice formation. Based on these new findings and the accessible literature, knowns and unknowns of the self-preservation effect important for the technology are summarized. A conceptual process design for methane hydrate production and pelletisation has been developed. For the major steps identified, comprising (i) hydrate formation; (ii) dewatering; (iii) pelletisation; (iv) pellet cooling; and (v) pressure relief, available technologies have been evaluated, and modifications and amendments included where needed. A hydrate carrier has been designed, featuring amongst other technical solutions a pivoted cargo system with the potential to mitigate sintering, an actively cooled containment and cargo distribution system, and a dual fuel engine allowing the use of the boil-off gas. The design was constrained by the properties of gas hydrate pellets, the expected operation on continental slopes in areas with rough seas, a scenario-defined loading capacity of 20,000 m 3 methane hydrate pellets, and safety as well as environmental considerations. A risk analysis for the transport at sea has been carried out in this early stage of development, and the safety level of the new concept was compared to the safety level of other ship types with similar scopes, i.e. , LNG carriers and crude oil tankers. Based on the results of the technological part of this study, and with best knowledge available on the alternative technologies, i.e. , pipeline, LNG and CNG transportation, an evaluation of the economic competitiveness of the methane hydrate transport technology has been performed. The analysis ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hans Osterkamp Christoph Windmeier Rainer Hamann Nina Kähler Werner F. Kuhs Markus Elfgen Andrzej Falenty Robert Eckl Gregor Rehder |
author_facet |
Hans Osterkamp Christoph Windmeier Rainer Hamann Nina Kähler Werner F. Kuhs Markus Elfgen Andrzej Falenty Robert Eckl Gregor Rehder |
author_sort |
Hans Osterkamp |
title |
Methane Hydrate Pellet Transport Using the Self-Preservation Effect: A Techno-Economic Analysis |
title_short |
Methane Hydrate Pellet Transport Using the Self-Preservation Effect: A Techno-Economic Analysis |
title_full |
Methane Hydrate Pellet Transport Using the Self-Preservation Effect: A Techno-Economic Analysis |
title_fullStr |
Methane Hydrate Pellet Transport Using the Self-Preservation Effect: A Techno-Economic Analysis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Methane Hydrate Pellet Transport Using the Self-Preservation Effect: A Techno-Economic Analysis |
title_sort |
methane hydrate pellet transport using the self-preservation effect: a techno-economic analysis |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/en5072499 https://doaj.org/article/c23282503666430aa9cf1c493cefdb33 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-57.443,-57.443,-63.496,-63.496) |
geographic |
The Boil |
geographic_facet |
The Boil |
genre |
Methane hydrate |
genre_facet |
Methane hydrate |
op_source |
Energies, Vol 5, Iss 7, Pp 2499-2523 (2012) |
op_relation |
http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/5/7/2499 https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1073 doi:10.3390/en5072499 1996-1073 https://doaj.org/article/c23282503666430aa9cf1c493cefdb33 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/en5072499 |
container_title |
Energies |
container_volume |
5 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
2499 |
op_container_end_page |
2523 |
_version_ |
1766068299389468672 |