Ice surface near melting point: Effects on the tropospheric ice
Atmospheric gases and chemical impurities can be stored and chemically transformed in the tropospheric ice. Impurities are rejected during freezing of the ice to the grain boundaries, free ice surfaces or inclusions. Surface snow and tropospheric ice, however, may be exposed to high temperatures and...
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Polish Academy of Sciences
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:c1dd19b7c3c644498d27dcaef4dde15c 2023-05-15T18:02:43+02:00 Ice surface near melting point: Effects on the tropospheric ice Guillermo Aguirre Varela Carlos L. Di Prinzio Damián Stoler 2021-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2021.137144 https://doaj.org/article/c1dd19b7c3c644498d27dcaef4dde15c EN eng Polish Academy of Sciences https://journals.pan.pl/Content/120127/PDF/2021-04-PPR-02-Varela-etal.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/0138-0338 https://doaj.org/toc/2081-8262 0138-0338 2081-8262 https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2021.137144 https://doaj.org/article/c1dd19b7c3c644498d27dcaef4dde15c Polish Polar Research, Vol vol. 42, Iss No 4 (2021) ice self-diffusion coefficient air-ice interaction quasi-liquid layer surface transport mechanisms Geology QE1-996.5 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2021.137144 2022-12-31T02:06:05Z Atmospheric gases and chemical impurities can be stored and chemically transformed in the tropospheric ice. Impurities are rejected during freezing of the ice to the grain boundaries, free ice surfaces or inclusions. Surface snow and tropospheric ice, however, may be exposed to high temperatures and, eventually, the gases and chemical impurities can be released into the environment. It is important to study the surface structure and transport mechanisms at temperatures near the melting point because the location of impurities and their interactions with water molecules in the ice are not yet sufficiently explained. In this work, the evolution of a scratch on the bicrystalline ice surface was studied at −5 ℃. The surface transport mechanisms near the melting point were studied and, as a consequence, the surface structure could be determined. An ice sample was kept immersed in ultra-pure silicone oil to prevent evaporation and, thus, isolate the effect of surface diffusion. The ice sample was made with water with chemical conditions similar to the water of polar ice sheets. Photographs of the scratch were taken periodically, for approximately 50 hours, using a photographic camera coupled to an optical microscope. From these images, the evolution of the width of the scratch was studied and the surface diffusion was the dominant transport mechanism in the experiment. Finally, the ice surface self-diffusion coefficient at −5 ℃ was determined and it was very similar to the super-cooled water diffusion coefficient. A liquid-like behavior of ice surfaces near the melting point was found and it could have a strong influence on the reaction rates with atmospheric gases. Article in Journal/Newspaper Polar Research Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
ice self-diffusion coefficient air-ice interaction quasi-liquid layer surface transport mechanisms Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
ice self-diffusion coefficient air-ice interaction quasi-liquid layer surface transport mechanisms Geology QE1-996.5 Guillermo Aguirre Varela Carlos L. Di Prinzio Damián Stoler Ice surface near melting point: Effects on the tropospheric ice |
topic_facet |
ice self-diffusion coefficient air-ice interaction quasi-liquid layer surface transport mechanisms Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
Atmospheric gases and chemical impurities can be stored and chemically transformed in the tropospheric ice. Impurities are rejected during freezing of the ice to the grain boundaries, free ice surfaces or inclusions. Surface snow and tropospheric ice, however, may be exposed to high temperatures and, eventually, the gases and chemical impurities can be released into the environment. It is important to study the surface structure and transport mechanisms at temperatures near the melting point because the location of impurities and their interactions with water molecules in the ice are not yet sufficiently explained. In this work, the evolution of a scratch on the bicrystalline ice surface was studied at −5 ℃. The surface transport mechanisms near the melting point were studied and, as a consequence, the surface structure could be determined. An ice sample was kept immersed in ultra-pure silicone oil to prevent evaporation and, thus, isolate the effect of surface diffusion. The ice sample was made with water with chemical conditions similar to the water of polar ice sheets. Photographs of the scratch were taken periodically, for approximately 50 hours, using a photographic camera coupled to an optical microscope. From these images, the evolution of the width of the scratch was studied and the surface diffusion was the dominant transport mechanism in the experiment. Finally, the ice surface self-diffusion coefficient at −5 ℃ was determined and it was very similar to the super-cooled water diffusion coefficient. A liquid-like behavior of ice surfaces near the melting point was found and it could have a strong influence on the reaction rates with atmospheric gases. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Guillermo Aguirre Varela Carlos L. Di Prinzio Damián Stoler |
author_facet |
Guillermo Aguirre Varela Carlos L. Di Prinzio Damián Stoler |
author_sort |
Guillermo Aguirre Varela |
title |
Ice surface near melting point: Effects on the tropospheric ice |
title_short |
Ice surface near melting point: Effects on the tropospheric ice |
title_full |
Ice surface near melting point: Effects on the tropospheric ice |
title_fullStr |
Ice surface near melting point: Effects on the tropospheric ice |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ice surface near melting point: Effects on the tropospheric ice |
title_sort |
ice surface near melting point: effects on the tropospheric ice |
publisher |
Polish Academy of Sciences |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2021.137144 https://doaj.org/article/c1dd19b7c3c644498d27dcaef4dde15c |
genre |
Polar Research |
genre_facet |
Polar Research |
op_source |
Polish Polar Research, Vol vol. 42, Iss No 4 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://journals.pan.pl/Content/120127/PDF/2021-04-PPR-02-Varela-etal.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/0138-0338 https://doaj.org/toc/2081-8262 0138-0338 2081-8262 https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2021.137144 https://doaj.org/article/c1dd19b7c3c644498d27dcaef4dde15c |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2021.137144 |
_version_ |
1766173298617483264 |