Spatial Distribution and Variation Characteristics of Permafrost Temperature in Northeast China
Frozen soil is an important environmental factor in cold regions. Warming climate will increase the risk of permafrost thawing, i.e., accelerated carbon release, reduced super-frozen soil water, intensified desertification and destruction of infrastructure. Based on MOD11A2 and MYD11A2 products of M...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:c198003a35ca4472be256a869e109440 2023-05-15T17:55:31+02:00 Spatial Distribution and Variation Characteristics of Permafrost Temperature in Northeast China Wei Shan Chengcheng Zhang Ying Guo Lisha Qiu Zhichao Xu Yan Wang 2022-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/su14138178 https://doaj.org/article/c198003a35ca4472be256a869e109440 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/13/8178 https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050 doi:10.3390/su14138178 2071-1050 https://doaj.org/article/c198003a35ca4472be256a869e109440 Sustainability, Vol 14, Iss 8178, p 8178 (2022) Northeast China permafrost temperature surface frost number normalized difference vegetation index Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/su14138178 2022-12-30T23:23:15Z Frozen soil is an important environmental factor in cold regions. Warming climate will increase the risk of permafrost thawing, i.e., accelerated carbon release, reduced super-frozen soil water, intensified desertification and destruction of infrastructure. Based on MOD11A2 and MYD11A2 products of MODIS Terra/Aqua, the distribution and change of surface frost number under the influence of normalized difference vegetation index and forest canopy closure in Northeast China from 2003 to 2019 were produced. From 2012 to 2015, the area of the regions where the surface frost number was higher than 0.5 continued to decrease in Northeast China. Taking 2013 as the time turning point, two periods of changes in the distribution of surface frost number in Northeast China were divided, namely, into 2003–2013 and 2014–2014. The spatial distribution of permafrost temperature is simulated by establishing the numerical relationship between the surface frost number and the annual average ground temperature of permafrost. From 2003 to 2019, the area of permafrost changed from 32.77 × 10 4 to 27.10 × 10 4 km 2 . The distribution characteristics show that the area with permafrost temperature below −4 °C accounts for 0.1%, and below −3.0 °C accounts for 3.45%. The permafrost with lower temperature is mainly distributed in the Greater Khingan Mountains, from the northernmost Mohe to the Aershan in the middle of the ridge. The area where the permafrost temperature ranges from −2 to 0 °C is the largest, accounting for 73.81% of the total area. The distribution of permafrost temperatures in the Greater Khingan Mountains is mainly between −1.5 and −3 °C, while that in the Lesser Khingan Mountains is mainly between −2.0 and 0 °C. The altitude is the main factor controlling the permafrost temperature distributed at high latitudes in Northeast China. This work will provide more detailed basic data for regional research on frozen soil and the environment in Northeast China. Article in Journal/Newspaper permafrost Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Sustainability 14 13 8178 |
institution |
Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Northeast China permafrost temperature surface frost number normalized difference vegetation index Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
spellingShingle |
Northeast China permafrost temperature surface frost number normalized difference vegetation index Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Wei Shan Chengcheng Zhang Ying Guo Lisha Qiu Zhichao Xu Yan Wang Spatial Distribution and Variation Characteristics of Permafrost Temperature in Northeast China |
topic_facet |
Northeast China permafrost temperature surface frost number normalized difference vegetation index Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
description |
Frozen soil is an important environmental factor in cold regions. Warming climate will increase the risk of permafrost thawing, i.e., accelerated carbon release, reduced super-frozen soil water, intensified desertification and destruction of infrastructure. Based on MOD11A2 and MYD11A2 products of MODIS Terra/Aqua, the distribution and change of surface frost number under the influence of normalized difference vegetation index and forest canopy closure in Northeast China from 2003 to 2019 were produced. From 2012 to 2015, the area of the regions where the surface frost number was higher than 0.5 continued to decrease in Northeast China. Taking 2013 as the time turning point, two periods of changes in the distribution of surface frost number in Northeast China were divided, namely, into 2003–2013 and 2014–2014. The spatial distribution of permafrost temperature is simulated by establishing the numerical relationship between the surface frost number and the annual average ground temperature of permafrost. From 2003 to 2019, the area of permafrost changed from 32.77 × 10 4 to 27.10 × 10 4 km 2 . The distribution characteristics show that the area with permafrost temperature below −4 °C accounts for 0.1%, and below −3.0 °C accounts for 3.45%. The permafrost with lower temperature is mainly distributed in the Greater Khingan Mountains, from the northernmost Mohe to the Aershan in the middle of the ridge. The area where the permafrost temperature ranges from −2 to 0 °C is the largest, accounting for 73.81% of the total area. The distribution of permafrost temperatures in the Greater Khingan Mountains is mainly between −1.5 and −3 °C, while that in the Lesser Khingan Mountains is mainly between −2.0 and 0 °C. The altitude is the main factor controlling the permafrost temperature distributed at high latitudes in Northeast China. This work will provide more detailed basic data for regional research on frozen soil and the environment in Northeast China. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Wei Shan Chengcheng Zhang Ying Guo Lisha Qiu Zhichao Xu Yan Wang |
author_facet |
Wei Shan Chengcheng Zhang Ying Guo Lisha Qiu Zhichao Xu Yan Wang |
author_sort |
Wei Shan |
title |
Spatial Distribution and Variation Characteristics of Permafrost Temperature in Northeast China |
title_short |
Spatial Distribution and Variation Characteristics of Permafrost Temperature in Northeast China |
title_full |
Spatial Distribution and Variation Characteristics of Permafrost Temperature in Northeast China |
title_fullStr |
Spatial Distribution and Variation Characteristics of Permafrost Temperature in Northeast China |
title_full_unstemmed |
Spatial Distribution and Variation Characteristics of Permafrost Temperature in Northeast China |
title_sort |
spatial distribution and variation characteristics of permafrost temperature in northeast china |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/su14138178 https://doaj.org/article/c198003a35ca4472be256a869e109440 |
genre |
permafrost |
genre_facet |
permafrost |
op_source |
Sustainability, Vol 14, Iss 8178, p 8178 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/13/8178 https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050 doi:10.3390/su14138178 2071-1050 https://doaj.org/article/c198003a35ca4472be256a869e109440 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/su14138178 |
container_title |
Sustainability |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
13 |
container_start_page |
8178 |
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1766163475608895488 |