A systematic review of human and animal leptospirosis in the Pacific Islands reveals pathogen and reservoir diversity.
The Pacific Islands have environmental conditions highly favourable for transmission of leptospirosis, a neglected zoonosis with highest incidence in the tropics, and Oceania in particular. Recent reports confirm the emergence and outbreaks of leptospirosis in the Pacific Islands, but the epidemiolo...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:c140567263844eaeb24e89d5eeb0bf10 2023-05-15T15:15:05+02:00 A systematic review of human and animal leptospirosis in the Pacific Islands reveals pathogen and reservoir diversity. Vanina Guernier Cyrille Goarant Jackie Benschop Colleen L Lau 2018-05-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006503 https://doaj.org/article/c140567263844eaeb24e89d5eeb0bf10 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5967813?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006503 https://doaj.org/article/c140567263844eaeb24e89d5eeb0bf10 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 12, Iss 5, p e0006503 (2018) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2018 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006503 2022-12-31T03:38:22Z The Pacific Islands have environmental conditions highly favourable for transmission of leptospirosis, a neglected zoonosis with highest incidence in the tropics, and Oceania in particular. Recent reports confirm the emergence and outbreaks of leptospirosis in the Pacific Islands, but the epidemiology and drivers of transmission of human and animal leptospirosis are poorly documented, especially in the more isolated and less developed islands.We conducted a systematic review of human and animal leptospirosis within 25 Pacific Islands (PIs) in Polynesia, Melanesia, Micronesia, as well as Easter Island and Hawaii. We performed a literature search using four international databases for articles published between January 1947 and June 2017. We further included grey literature available on the internet. We identified 148 studies describing leptospirosis epidemiology, but the number of studies varied significantly between PIs. No data were available from four PIs. Human leptospirosis has been reported from 13 PIs, with 63% of all studies conducted in Hawaii, French Polynesia and New Caledonia. Animal leptospirosis has been investigated in 19 PIs and from 14 host species, mainly pigs (18% of studies), cattle (16%) and dogs (11%). Only 13 studies provided information on both human and animal leptospirosis from the same location. Serology results were highly diverse in the region, both in humans and animals.Our study suggests that, as in other tropical regions, leptospirosis is widespread in the PIs while showing some epidemiological heterogeneity. Data are scarce or absent from many PIs. Rodents, cattle, pigs and dogs are all likely to be important carriers, but the relative importance of each animal species in human infection needs to be clarified. Epidemiological surveys with appropriate sampling design, pathogen typing and data analysis are needed to improve our understanding of transmission patterns and to develop effective intervention strategies. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Pacific PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 12 5 e0006503 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Vanina Guernier Cyrille Goarant Jackie Benschop Colleen L Lau A systematic review of human and animal leptospirosis in the Pacific Islands reveals pathogen and reservoir diversity. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
The Pacific Islands have environmental conditions highly favourable for transmission of leptospirosis, a neglected zoonosis with highest incidence in the tropics, and Oceania in particular. Recent reports confirm the emergence and outbreaks of leptospirosis in the Pacific Islands, but the epidemiology and drivers of transmission of human and animal leptospirosis are poorly documented, especially in the more isolated and less developed islands.We conducted a systematic review of human and animal leptospirosis within 25 Pacific Islands (PIs) in Polynesia, Melanesia, Micronesia, as well as Easter Island and Hawaii. We performed a literature search using four international databases for articles published between January 1947 and June 2017. We further included grey literature available on the internet. We identified 148 studies describing leptospirosis epidemiology, but the number of studies varied significantly between PIs. No data were available from four PIs. Human leptospirosis has been reported from 13 PIs, with 63% of all studies conducted in Hawaii, French Polynesia and New Caledonia. Animal leptospirosis has been investigated in 19 PIs and from 14 host species, mainly pigs (18% of studies), cattle (16%) and dogs (11%). Only 13 studies provided information on both human and animal leptospirosis from the same location. Serology results were highly diverse in the region, both in humans and animals.Our study suggests that, as in other tropical regions, leptospirosis is widespread in the PIs while showing some epidemiological heterogeneity. Data are scarce or absent from many PIs. Rodents, cattle, pigs and dogs are all likely to be important carriers, but the relative importance of each animal species in human infection needs to be clarified. Epidemiological surveys with appropriate sampling design, pathogen typing and data analysis are needed to improve our understanding of transmission patterns and to develop effective intervention strategies. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Vanina Guernier Cyrille Goarant Jackie Benschop Colleen L Lau |
author_facet |
Vanina Guernier Cyrille Goarant Jackie Benschop Colleen L Lau |
author_sort |
Vanina Guernier |
title |
A systematic review of human and animal leptospirosis in the Pacific Islands reveals pathogen and reservoir diversity. |
title_short |
A systematic review of human and animal leptospirosis in the Pacific Islands reveals pathogen and reservoir diversity. |
title_full |
A systematic review of human and animal leptospirosis in the Pacific Islands reveals pathogen and reservoir diversity. |
title_fullStr |
A systematic review of human and animal leptospirosis in the Pacific Islands reveals pathogen and reservoir diversity. |
title_full_unstemmed |
A systematic review of human and animal leptospirosis in the Pacific Islands reveals pathogen and reservoir diversity. |
title_sort |
systematic review of human and animal leptospirosis in the pacific islands reveals pathogen and reservoir diversity. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006503 https://doaj.org/article/c140567263844eaeb24e89d5eeb0bf10 |
geographic |
Arctic Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Pacific |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 12, Iss 5, p e0006503 (2018) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5967813?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006503 https://doaj.org/article/c140567263844eaeb24e89d5eeb0bf10 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006503 |
container_title |
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
e0006503 |
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1766345461286830080 |