Optimized method for black carbon analysis in ice and snow using the Single Particle Soot Photometer
In this study we attempt to optimize the method for measuring black carbon (BC) in snow and ice using a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2). Beside the previously applied ultrasonic (CETAC) and Collison-type nebulizers we introduce a jet (Apex Q) nebulizer to aerosolize the aqueous sample for SP2...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:c13f054c39054f40a3e79ee2e9f5bc11 2023-05-15T16:39:10+02:00 Optimized method for black carbon analysis in ice and snow using the Single Particle Soot Photometer I. A. Wendl J. A. Menking R. Färber M. Gysel S. D. Kaspari M. J. G. Laborde M. Schwikowski 2014-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-2667-2014 https://doaj.org/article/c13f054c39054f40a3e79ee2e9f5bc11 EN eng Copernicus Publications http://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/7/2667/2014/amt-7-2667-2014.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1867-1381 https://doaj.org/toc/1867-8548 1867-1381 1867-8548 doi:10.5194/amt-7-2667-2014 https://doaj.org/article/c13f054c39054f40a3e79ee2e9f5bc11 Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol 7, Iss 8, Pp 2667-2681 (2014) Environmental engineering TA170-171 Earthwork. Foundations TA715-787 article 2014 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-2667-2014 2022-12-30T22:06:41Z In this study we attempt to optimize the method for measuring black carbon (BC) in snow and ice using a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2). Beside the previously applied ultrasonic (CETAC) and Collison-type nebulizers we introduce a jet (Apex Q) nebulizer to aerosolize the aqueous sample for SP2 analysis. Both CETAC and Apex Q require small sample volumes (a few milliliters) which makes them suitable for ice core analysis. The Apex Q shows the least size-dependent nebulizing efficiency in the BC particle diameter range of 100–1000 nm. The CETAC has the advantage that air and liquid flows can be monitored continuously. All nebulizer-types require a calibration with BC standards for the determination of the BC mass concentration in unknown aqueous samples. We found Aquadag to be a suitable material for preparing calibration standards. Further, we studied the influence of different treatments for fresh discrete snow and ice samples as well as the effect of storage. The results show that samples are best kept frozen until analysis. Once melted, they should be sonicated for 25 min, immediately analyzed while being stirred and not be refrozen. Article in Journal/Newspaper ice core Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7 8 2667 2681 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Environmental engineering TA170-171 Earthwork. Foundations TA715-787 |
spellingShingle |
Environmental engineering TA170-171 Earthwork. Foundations TA715-787 I. A. Wendl J. A. Menking R. Färber M. Gysel S. D. Kaspari M. J. G. Laborde M. Schwikowski Optimized method for black carbon analysis in ice and snow using the Single Particle Soot Photometer |
topic_facet |
Environmental engineering TA170-171 Earthwork. Foundations TA715-787 |
description |
In this study we attempt to optimize the method for measuring black carbon (BC) in snow and ice using a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2). Beside the previously applied ultrasonic (CETAC) and Collison-type nebulizers we introduce a jet (Apex Q) nebulizer to aerosolize the aqueous sample for SP2 analysis. Both CETAC and Apex Q require small sample volumes (a few milliliters) which makes them suitable for ice core analysis. The Apex Q shows the least size-dependent nebulizing efficiency in the BC particle diameter range of 100–1000 nm. The CETAC has the advantage that air and liquid flows can be monitored continuously. All nebulizer-types require a calibration with BC standards for the determination of the BC mass concentration in unknown aqueous samples. We found Aquadag to be a suitable material for preparing calibration standards. Further, we studied the influence of different treatments for fresh discrete snow and ice samples as well as the effect of storage. The results show that samples are best kept frozen until analysis. Once melted, they should be sonicated for 25 min, immediately analyzed while being stirred and not be refrozen. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
I. A. Wendl J. A. Menking R. Färber M. Gysel S. D. Kaspari M. J. G. Laborde M. Schwikowski |
author_facet |
I. A. Wendl J. A. Menking R. Färber M. Gysel S. D. Kaspari M. J. G. Laborde M. Schwikowski |
author_sort |
I. A. Wendl |
title |
Optimized method for black carbon analysis in ice and snow using the Single Particle Soot Photometer |
title_short |
Optimized method for black carbon analysis in ice and snow using the Single Particle Soot Photometer |
title_full |
Optimized method for black carbon analysis in ice and snow using the Single Particle Soot Photometer |
title_fullStr |
Optimized method for black carbon analysis in ice and snow using the Single Particle Soot Photometer |
title_full_unstemmed |
Optimized method for black carbon analysis in ice and snow using the Single Particle Soot Photometer |
title_sort |
optimized method for black carbon analysis in ice and snow using the single particle soot photometer |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-2667-2014 https://doaj.org/article/c13f054c39054f40a3e79ee2e9f5bc11 |
genre |
ice core |
genre_facet |
ice core |
op_source |
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol 7, Iss 8, Pp 2667-2681 (2014) |
op_relation |
http://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/7/2667/2014/amt-7-2667-2014.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1867-1381 https://doaj.org/toc/1867-8548 1867-1381 1867-8548 doi:10.5194/amt-7-2667-2014 https://doaj.org/article/c13f054c39054f40a3e79ee2e9f5bc11 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-2667-2014 |
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Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
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8 |
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2667 |
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2681 |
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