Experimental evaluation of pathogenicity and acquired immunity of Eimeria species, E. uekii and E. raichoi, infecting Japanese rock ptarmigans in a subspecies of the birds
Japanese rock ptarmigans (Lagopus muta japonica) are birds that inhabit only alpine regions of central Honshu Island, Japan, known as the Japanese Alps. The number of these birds has recently declined, and in situ and ex situ national conservation programs for Japanese rock ptarmigans have been init...
Published in: | International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife |
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.09.005 https://doaj.org/article/c13d83fcb69b4d668a196b6322f4c902 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:c13d83fcb69b4d668a196b6322f4c902 2024-01-14T10:08:29+01:00 Experimental evaluation of pathogenicity and acquired immunity of Eimeria species, E. uekii and E. raichoi, infecting Japanese rock ptarmigans in a subspecies of the birds Makoto Matsubayashi Moemi Kinoshita Sayaka Tsuchida Atsushi Kobayashi Naoya Tamura Tomoyuki Shibahara Yasutoshi Kido Akira Kaneko Kazumi Sasai Kazunari Ushida 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.09.005 https://doaj.org/article/c13d83fcb69b4d668a196b6322f4c902 EN eng Elsevier http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221322442300072X https://doaj.org/toc/2213-2244 2213-2244 doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.09.005 https://doaj.org/article/c13d83fcb69b4d668a196b6322f4c902 International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, Vol 22, Iss , Pp 167-174 (2023) Eimeria raichoi Eimeria uekii Japanese rock ptarmigan Pathogenicity Zoology QL1-991 article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.09.005 2023-12-17T01:50:03Z Japanese rock ptarmigans (Lagopus muta japonica) are birds that inhabit only alpine regions of central Honshu Island, Japan, known as the Japanese Alps. The number of these birds has recently declined, and in situ and ex situ national conservation programs for Japanese rock ptarmigans have been initiated. The infections of Eimeria spp. as protozoan parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa, E. uekii and E. raichoi, were frequently reported in the birds. However, the virulence of these Eimeria parasites has not been determined. Here, we analyzed the pathogenicity of these Eimeria parasites using experimental infections of a subspecies model of Japanese rock ptarmigans, Svalbard rock ptarmigans (Lagopus mutus hyperboreus), and evaluated acquired protective immunity against challenge in birds tolerant of low-dose inoculation with Eimeria parasites. Following inoculation with two Eimeria parasites derived from Japanese rock ptarmigans (dose range of 4 × 104 to 4 × 102 for E. uekii and 1.7 × 104 to 4 × 101 for E. raichoi), oocysts were detected at 6–8 days post-inoculation (PI), and the maximum number of oocysts per gram of feces was observed 7–10 days PI and then gradually decreased. The mortality rate and reduction in weight gain of chicks increased following high-dose inoculation of oocysts with abnormal feces (soft and diarrhea). Developmental zoites were detected histopathologically in epithelial tissues and sometimes the lamina propria from the duodenum to the colon. Chicks that survived low-dose inoculation did not show clear clinical symptoms after challenge inoculation. Our results suggest that the pathological characteristics of Eimeria parasites infecting Japanese rock ptarmigans include abnormal feces and reduction in weight gain, resulting in mortality in cases of heavy infection due to high-dose inoculation. These findings provide helpful data for Japanese rock ptarmigan conservation efforts. Article in Journal/Newspaper Lagopus muta Lagopus mutus rock ptarmigan Svalbard Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Svalbard International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 22 167 174 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Eimeria raichoi Eimeria uekii Japanese rock ptarmigan Pathogenicity Zoology QL1-991 |
spellingShingle |
Eimeria raichoi Eimeria uekii Japanese rock ptarmigan Pathogenicity Zoology QL1-991 Makoto Matsubayashi Moemi Kinoshita Sayaka Tsuchida Atsushi Kobayashi Naoya Tamura Tomoyuki Shibahara Yasutoshi Kido Akira Kaneko Kazumi Sasai Kazunari Ushida Experimental evaluation of pathogenicity and acquired immunity of Eimeria species, E. uekii and E. raichoi, infecting Japanese rock ptarmigans in a subspecies of the birds |
topic_facet |
Eimeria raichoi Eimeria uekii Japanese rock ptarmigan Pathogenicity Zoology QL1-991 |
description |
Japanese rock ptarmigans (Lagopus muta japonica) are birds that inhabit only alpine regions of central Honshu Island, Japan, known as the Japanese Alps. The number of these birds has recently declined, and in situ and ex situ national conservation programs for Japanese rock ptarmigans have been initiated. The infections of Eimeria spp. as protozoan parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa, E. uekii and E. raichoi, were frequently reported in the birds. However, the virulence of these Eimeria parasites has not been determined. Here, we analyzed the pathogenicity of these Eimeria parasites using experimental infections of a subspecies model of Japanese rock ptarmigans, Svalbard rock ptarmigans (Lagopus mutus hyperboreus), and evaluated acquired protective immunity against challenge in birds tolerant of low-dose inoculation with Eimeria parasites. Following inoculation with two Eimeria parasites derived from Japanese rock ptarmigans (dose range of 4 × 104 to 4 × 102 for E. uekii and 1.7 × 104 to 4 × 101 for E. raichoi), oocysts were detected at 6–8 days post-inoculation (PI), and the maximum number of oocysts per gram of feces was observed 7–10 days PI and then gradually decreased. The mortality rate and reduction in weight gain of chicks increased following high-dose inoculation of oocysts with abnormal feces (soft and diarrhea). Developmental zoites were detected histopathologically in epithelial tissues and sometimes the lamina propria from the duodenum to the colon. Chicks that survived low-dose inoculation did not show clear clinical symptoms after challenge inoculation. Our results suggest that the pathological characteristics of Eimeria parasites infecting Japanese rock ptarmigans include abnormal feces and reduction in weight gain, resulting in mortality in cases of heavy infection due to high-dose inoculation. These findings provide helpful data for Japanese rock ptarmigan conservation efforts. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Makoto Matsubayashi Moemi Kinoshita Sayaka Tsuchida Atsushi Kobayashi Naoya Tamura Tomoyuki Shibahara Yasutoshi Kido Akira Kaneko Kazumi Sasai Kazunari Ushida |
author_facet |
Makoto Matsubayashi Moemi Kinoshita Sayaka Tsuchida Atsushi Kobayashi Naoya Tamura Tomoyuki Shibahara Yasutoshi Kido Akira Kaneko Kazumi Sasai Kazunari Ushida |
author_sort |
Makoto Matsubayashi |
title |
Experimental evaluation of pathogenicity and acquired immunity of Eimeria species, E. uekii and E. raichoi, infecting Japanese rock ptarmigans in a subspecies of the birds |
title_short |
Experimental evaluation of pathogenicity and acquired immunity of Eimeria species, E. uekii and E. raichoi, infecting Japanese rock ptarmigans in a subspecies of the birds |
title_full |
Experimental evaluation of pathogenicity and acquired immunity of Eimeria species, E. uekii and E. raichoi, infecting Japanese rock ptarmigans in a subspecies of the birds |
title_fullStr |
Experimental evaluation of pathogenicity and acquired immunity of Eimeria species, E. uekii and E. raichoi, infecting Japanese rock ptarmigans in a subspecies of the birds |
title_full_unstemmed |
Experimental evaluation of pathogenicity and acquired immunity of Eimeria species, E. uekii and E. raichoi, infecting Japanese rock ptarmigans in a subspecies of the birds |
title_sort |
experimental evaluation of pathogenicity and acquired immunity of eimeria species, e. uekii and e. raichoi, infecting japanese rock ptarmigans in a subspecies of the birds |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.09.005 https://doaj.org/article/c13d83fcb69b4d668a196b6322f4c902 |
geographic |
Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Svalbard |
genre |
Lagopus muta Lagopus mutus rock ptarmigan Svalbard |
genre_facet |
Lagopus muta Lagopus mutus rock ptarmigan Svalbard |
op_source |
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, Vol 22, Iss , Pp 167-174 (2023) |
op_relation |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221322442300072X https://doaj.org/toc/2213-2244 2213-2244 doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.09.005 https://doaj.org/article/c13d83fcb69b4d668a196b6322f4c902 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.09.005 |
container_title |
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife |
container_volume |
22 |
container_start_page |
167 |
op_container_end_page |
174 |
_version_ |
1788062902588014592 |