Multi-scale variability features of global sea surface temperature over the past century
Understanding the multi-scale variabilities of global sea surface temperature (GSST) is extremely critical for deepening the comprehension of surface climate change. Great efforts have been made to study the multi-scale features of GSST, however, aiming to fully reveal the local features, here we pr...
Published in: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1238320 https://doaj.org/article/c0e6490480984646a27b5cc9beb2c16a |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:c0e6490480984646a27b5cc9beb2c16a |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:c0e6490480984646a27b5cc9beb2c16a 2023-10-01T03:58:03+02:00 Multi-scale variability features of global sea surface temperature over the past century Zhenhao Xu Gang Huang Fei Ji Bo Liu 2023-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1238320 https://doaj.org/article/c0e6490480984646a27b5cc9beb2c16a EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1238320/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2023.1238320 https://doaj.org/article/c0e6490480984646a27b5cc9beb2c16a Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 10 (2023) global sea surface temperature multi-scale variabilities variance contribution climate modes EEMD pairwise-rotated EOF Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1238320 2023-09-03T00:51:43Z Understanding the multi-scale variabilities of global sea surface temperature (GSST) is extremely critical for deepening the comprehension of surface climate change. Great efforts have been made to study the multi-scale features of GSST, however, aiming to fully reveal the local features, here we propose a combined approach, incorporating an adaptive method named Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD), and Pairwise-Rotated EOF (REOF), to separate signals on various frequency bands and eliminate the confounded EOF signatures. The results show that the explained variance of high-frequency components (HFC) in the equatorial central-eastern and south mid-latitude Pacific could reach more than 60%. The grid points where the variance contributions of low-frequency components (LFC) are greater than 40% are mainly concentrated in the subpolar North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean in both Pacific and Atlantic sectors, while that for secular trend (ST) hitting beyond 60% are displayed in the North Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean from the tip of southwest Africa expanded to the southern side of Australia, Indo-western Pacific, east of the continents in both hemispheres and tropical Atlantic. By applying the EOF/REOF analysis, the leading modes of the HFC, LFC, and ST are then yielded. It is found that the patterns of the HFC are associated with El Niño-South Oscillation (ENSO) diversity, inferring the dominance and independence of the Eastern Pacific (EP) and Central Pacific (CP) El Niño. Meanwhile, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) emerge in the rotated modes of the LFC, with the former exhibiting an Atlantic-Pacific coupling. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Southern Ocean Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Indian Pacific Southern Ocean Frontiers in Marine Science 10 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
global sea surface temperature multi-scale variabilities variance contribution climate modes EEMD pairwise-rotated EOF Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
spellingShingle |
global sea surface temperature multi-scale variabilities variance contribution climate modes EEMD pairwise-rotated EOF Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Zhenhao Xu Gang Huang Fei Ji Bo Liu Multi-scale variability features of global sea surface temperature over the past century |
topic_facet |
global sea surface temperature multi-scale variabilities variance contribution climate modes EEMD pairwise-rotated EOF Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
description |
Understanding the multi-scale variabilities of global sea surface temperature (GSST) is extremely critical for deepening the comprehension of surface climate change. Great efforts have been made to study the multi-scale features of GSST, however, aiming to fully reveal the local features, here we propose a combined approach, incorporating an adaptive method named Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD), and Pairwise-Rotated EOF (REOF), to separate signals on various frequency bands and eliminate the confounded EOF signatures. The results show that the explained variance of high-frequency components (HFC) in the equatorial central-eastern and south mid-latitude Pacific could reach more than 60%. The grid points where the variance contributions of low-frequency components (LFC) are greater than 40% are mainly concentrated in the subpolar North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean in both Pacific and Atlantic sectors, while that for secular trend (ST) hitting beyond 60% are displayed in the North Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean from the tip of southwest Africa expanded to the southern side of Australia, Indo-western Pacific, east of the continents in both hemispheres and tropical Atlantic. By applying the EOF/REOF analysis, the leading modes of the HFC, LFC, and ST are then yielded. It is found that the patterns of the HFC are associated with El Niño-South Oscillation (ENSO) diversity, inferring the dominance and independence of the Eastern Pacific (EP) and Central Pacific (CP) El Niño. Meanwhile, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) emerge in the rotated modes of the LFC, with the former exhibiting an Atlantic-Pacific coupling. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Zhenhao Xu Gang Huang Fei Ji Bo Liu |
author_facet |
Zhenhao Xu Gang Huang Fei Ji Bo Liu |
author_sort |
Zhenhao Xu |
title |
Multi-scale variability features of global sea surface temperature over the past century |
title_short |
Multi-scale variability features of global sea surface temperature over the past century |
title_full |
Multi-scale variability features of global sea surface temperature over the past century |
title_fullStr |
Multi-scale variability features of global sea surface temperature over the past century |
title_full_unstemmed |
Multi-scale variability features of global sea surface temperature over the past century |
title_sort |
multi-scale variability features of global sea surface temperature over the past century |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1238320 https://doaj.org/article/c0e6490480984646a27b5cc9beb2c16a |
geographic |
Indian Pacific Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Indian Pacific Southern Ocean |
genre |
North Atlantic Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 10 (2023) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1238320/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2023.1238320 https://doaj.org/article/c0e6490480984646a27b5cc9beb2c16a |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1238320 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
10 |
_version_ |
1778530430417371136 |