A smartphone microscopic method for simultaneous detection of (oo)cysts of Cryptosporidium and Giardia.
Background Food and water-borne illness caused by ingestion of (oo)cysts of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is one of the major health problems globally. Several methods are available to detect Giardia cyst and Cryptosporidium oocyst in food and water. Most of the available methods require a good labora...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:c02500a6a54c4ccda6b9ff54209dc8fa 2023-05-15T15:15:31+02:00 A smartphone microscopic method for simultaneous detection of (oo)cysts of Cryptosporidium and Giardia. Retina Shrestha Rojina Duwal Sajeev Wagle Samiksha Pokhrel Basant Giri Bhanu Bhakta Neupane 2020-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008560 https://doaj.org/article/c02500a6a54c4ccda6b9ff54209dc8fa EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008560 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008560 https://doaj.org/article/c02500a6a54c4ccda6b9ff54209dc8fa PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 14, Iss 9, p e0008560 (2020) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008560 2022-12-31T07:36:44Z Background Food and water-borne illness caused by ingestion of (oo)cysts of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is one of the major health problems globally. Several methods are available to detect Giardia cyst and Cryptosporidium oocyst in food and water. Most of the available methods require a good laboratory facility and well-trained manpower and are therefore costly. There is a need of affordable and reliable method that can be easily implemented in resource limited settings. Methodology/principle findings We developed a smartphone based microscopic assay method to screen (oo)cysts of Cryptosporidium and Giardia contamination of vegetable and water samples. The method consisting of a ball lens of 1 mm diameter, white LED as illumination source and Lugols's iodine staining provided magnification and contrast capable of distinguishing (oo)cysts of Cryptosporidium and Giardia. The analytical performance of the method was tested by spike recovery experiments. The spike recovery experiments performed on cabbage, carrot, cucumber, radish, tomatoes, and water resulted in 26.8±10.3, 40.1±8.5, 44.4±7.3, 47.6±11.3, 49.2 ±10.9, and 30.2±7.9% recovery for Cryptosporidium, respectively and 10.2±4.0, 14.1±7.3, 24.2±12.1, 23.2±13.7, 17.1±13.9, and 37.6±2.4% recovery for Giardia, respectively. The spike recovery results are comparable with data obtained using commercial brightfield and fluorescence microscope methods. Finally, we tested the smartphone microscope system for detecting (oo)cysts on 7 types of vegetable (n = 196) and river water (n = 18) samples. Forty-two percent vegetable and thirty-nine percent water samples were found to be contaminated with Cryptosporidium oocyst. Similarly, thirty-one percent vegetable and thirty-three percent water samples were contaminated with Giardia cyst. Conclusions The newly developed smartphone microscopic method showed comparable performance to commercial microscopic methods. The new method can be a low-cost and easy to implement alternative method for simultaneous detection of (oo)cysts ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic The Spike ENVELOPE(-37.317,-37.317,-54.017,-54.017) PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 14 9 e0008560 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Retina Shrestha Rojina Duwal Sajeev Wagle Samiksha Pokhrel Basant Giri Bhanu Bhakta Neupane A smartphone microscopic method for simultaneous detection of (oo)cysts of Cryptosporidium and Giardia. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Background Food and water-borne illness caused by ingestion of (oo)cysts of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is one of the major health problems globally. Several methods are available to detect Giardia cyst and Cryptosporidium oocyst in food and water. Most of the available methods require a good laboratory facility and well-trained manpower and are therefore costly. There is a need of affordable and reliable method that can be easily implemented in resource limited settings. Methodology/principle findings We developed a smartphone based microscopic assay method to screen (oo)cysts of Cryptosporidium and Giardia contamination of vegetable and water samples. The method consisting of a ball lens of 1 mm diameter, white LED as illumination source and Lugols's iodine staining provided magnification and contrast capable of distinguishing (oo)cysts of Cryptosporidium and Giardia. The analytical performance of the method was tested by spike recovery experiments. The spike recovery experiments performed on cabbage, carrot, cucumber, radish, tomatoes, and water resulted in 26.8±10.3, 40.1±8.5, 44.4±7.3, 47.6±11.3, 49.2 ±10.9, and 30.2±7.9% recovery for Cryptosporidium, respectively and 10.2±4.0, 14.1±7.3, 24.2±12.1, 23.2±13.7, 17.1±13.9, and 37.6±2.4% recovery for Giardia, respectively. The spike recovery results are comparable with data obtained using commercial brightfield and fluorescence microscope methods. Finally, we tested the smartphone microscope system for detecting (oo)cysts on 7 types of vegetable (n = 196) and river water (n = 18) samples. Forty-two percent vegetable and thirty-nine percent water samples were found to be contaminated with Cryptosporidium oocyst. Similarly, thirty-one percent vegetable and thirty-three percent water samples were contaminated with Giardia cyst. Conclusions The newly developed smartphone microscopic method showed comparable performance to commercial microscopic methods. The new method can be a low-cost and easy to implement alternative method for simultaneous detection of (oo)cysts ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Retina Shrestha Rojina Duwal Sajeev Wagle Samiksha Pokhrel Basant Giri Bhanu Bhakta Neupane |
author_facet |
Retina Shrestha Rojina Duwal Sajeev Wagle Samiksha Pokhrel Basant Giri Bhanu Bhakta Neupane |
author_sort |
Retina Shrestha |
title |
A smartphone microscopic method for simultaneous detection of (oo)cysts of Cryptosporidium and Giardia. |
title_short |
A smartphone microscopic method for simultaneous detection of (oo)cysts of Cryptosporidium and Giardia. |
title_full |
A smartphone microscopic method for simultaneous detection of (oo)cysts of Cryptosporidium and Giardia. |
title_fullStr |
A smartphone microscopic method for simultaneous detection of (oo)cysts of Cryptosporidium and Giardia. |
title_full_unstemmed |
A smartphone microscopic method for simultaneous detection of (oo)cysts of Cryptosporidium and Giardia. |
title_sort |
smartphone microscopic method for simultaneous detection of (oo)cysts of cryptosporidium and giardia. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008560 https://doaj.org/article/c02500a6a54c4ccda6b9ff54209dc8fa |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-37.317,-37.317,-54.017,-54.017) |
geographic |
Arctic The Spike |
geographic_facet |
Arctic The Spike |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 14, Iss 9, p e0008560 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008560 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008560 https://doaj.org/article/c02500a6a54c4ccda6b9ff54209dc8fa |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008560 |
container_title |
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
e0008560 |
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1766345877936406528 |