Significantly lower anti-Leishmania IgG responses in Sudanese versus Indian visceral leishmaniasis.
BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a widely distributed systemic disease caused by infection with the Leishmania donovani complex (L. donovani and L. infantum), is almost always fatal if symptomatic and untreated. A rapid point-of-care diagnostic test for anti-Leishmania antibodies, the rK39-i...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:be49aca10b7f487b81b9279f5f4a8a2f 2023-05-15T15:15:23+02:00 Significantly lower anti-Leishmania IgG responses in Sudanese versus Indian visceral leishmaniasis. Tapan Bhattacharyya Duncan E Bowes Sayda El-Safi Shyam Sundar Andrew K Falconar Om Prakash Singh Rajiv Kumar Osman Ahmed Marleen Boelaert Michael A Miles 2014-02-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002675 https://doaj.org/article/be49aca10b7f487b81b9279f5f4a8a2f EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3930516?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002675 https://doaj.org/article/be49aca10b7f487b81b9279f5f4a8a2f PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 8, Iss 2, p e2675 (2014) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2014 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002675 2022-12-31T12:40:38Z BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a widely distributed systemic disease caused by infection with the Leishmania donovani complex (L. donovani and L. infantum), is almost always fatal if symptomatic and untreated. A rapid point-of-care diagnostic test for anti-Leishmania antibodies, the rK39-immunochromatographic test (rK39-ICT), has high sensitivity and specificity in South Asia but is less sensitive in East Africa. One of the underlying reasons may be continent-specific molecular diversity in the rK39 antigen within the L. donovani complex. However, a second reason may be differences in specific IgG anti-Leishmania levels in patients from different geographical regions, either due to variable antigenicity or immunological response. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We determined IgG titres of Indian and Sudanese VL patients against whole cell lysates of Indian and Sudanese L. donovani strains. Indian VL patients had significantly higher IgG titres against both L. donovani strains compared to Sudanese VL patients (p<0.0001). Mean reciprocal log10 50% end-point titres (1/log10t50) were i) 3.80 and 3.88 for Indian plasma and ii) 2.13 and 2.09 for Sudanese plasma against Indian and Sudanese antigen respectively (p<0.0001). Overall, the Indian VL patients therefore showed a 46.8-61.7 -fold higher mean ELISA titre than the Sudanese VL patients. The higher IgG titres occurred in children (<16 years old) and adults of either sex from India (mean 1/log10t50: 3.60-4.15) versus Sudan (mean 1/log10t50: 1.88-2.54). The greatest difference in IgG responses was between male Indian and Sudanese VL patients of ≥ 16 years old (mean 1/log10t50: 4.15 versus 1.99 = 144-fold (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Anti-Leishmania IgG responses among VL patients in Sudan were significantly lower than in India; this may be due to chronic malnutrition with Zn(2+) deficiency, or variable antigenicity and capacity to generate IgG responses to Leishmania antigens. Such differential anti-Leishmania IgG levels may contribute ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Indian Rapid Point ENVELOPE(-97.552,-97.552,75.868,75.868) PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 8 2 e2675 |
institution |
Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Tapan Bhattacharyya Duncan E Bowes Sayda El-Safi Shyam Sundar Andrew K Falconar Om Prakash Singh Rajiv Kumar Osman Ahmed Marleen Boelaert Michael A Miles Significantly lower anti-Leishmania IgG responses in Sudanese versus Indian visceral leishmaniasis. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a widely distributed systemic disease caused by infection with the Leishmania donovani complex (L. donovani and L. infantum), is almost always fatal if symptomatic and untreated. A rapid point-of-care diagnostic test for anti-Leishmania antibodies, the rK39-immunochromatographic test (rK39-ICT), has high sensitivity and specificity in South Asia but is less sensitive in East Africa. One of the underlying reasons may be continent-specific molecular diversity in the rK39 antigen within the L. donovani complex. However, a second reason may be differences in specific IgG anti-Leishmania levels in patients from different geographical regions, either due to variable antigenicity or immunological response. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We determined IgG titres of Indian and Sudanese VL patients against whole cell lysates of Indian and Sudanese L. donovani strains. Indian VL patients had significantly higher IgG titres against both L. donovani strains compared to Sudanese VL patients (p<0.0001). Mean reciprocal log10 50% end-point titres (1/log10t50) were i) 3.80 and 3.88 for Indian plasma and ii) 2.13 and 2.09 for Sudanese plasma against Indian and Sudanese antigen respectively (p<0.0001). Overall, the Indian VL patients therefore showed a 46.8-61.7 -fold higher mean ELISA titre than the Sudanese VL patients. The higher IgG titres occurred in children (<16 years old) and adults of either sex from India (mean 1/log10t50: 3.60-4.15) versus Sudan (mean 1/log10t50: 1.88-2.54). The greatest difference in IgG responses was between male Indian and Sudanese VL patients of ≥ 16 years old (mean 1/log10t50: 4.15 versus 1.99 = 144-fold (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Anti-Leishmania IgG responses among VL patients in Sudan were significantly lower than in India; this may be due to chronic malnutrition with Zn(2+) deficiency, or variable antigenicity and capacity to generate IgG responses to Leishmania antigens. Such differential anti-Leishmania IgG levels may contribute ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Tapan Bhattacharyya Duncan E Bowes Sayda El-Safi Shyam Sundar Andrew K Falconar Om Prakash Singh Rajiv Kumar Osman Ahmed Marleen Boelaert Michael A Miles |
author_facet |
Tapan Bhattacharyya Duncan E Bowes Sayda El-Safi Shyam Sundar Andrew K Falconar Om Prakash Singh Rajiv Kumar Osman Ahmed Marleen Boelaert Michael A Miles |
author_sort |
Tapan Bhattacharyya |
title |
Significantly lower anti-Leishmania IgG responses in Sudanese versus Indian visceral leishmaniasis. |
title_short |
Significantly lower anti-Leishmania IgG responses in Sudanese versus Indian visceral leishmaniasis. |
title_full |
Significantly lower anti-Leishmania IgG responses in Sudanese versus Indian visceral leishmaniasis. |
title_fullStr |
Significantly lower anti-Leishmania IgG responses in Sudanese versus Indian visceral leishmaniasis. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Significantly lower anti-Leishmania IgG responses in Sudanese versus Indian visceral leishmaniasis. |
title_sort |
significantly lower anti-leishmania igg responses in sudanese versus indian visceral leishmaniasis. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002675 https://doaj.org/article/be49aca10b7f487b81b9279f5f4a8a2f |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-97.552,-97.552,75.868,75.868) |
geographic |
Arctic Indian Rapid Point |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Indian Rapid Point |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 8, Iss 2, p e2675 (2014) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3930516?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002675 https://doaj.org/article/be49aca10b7f487b81b9279f5f4a8a2f |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002675 |
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PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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8 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
e2675 |
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