A clear urban–rural gradient of allergic rhinitis in a population-based study in Northern Europe
Background: The protective effect of farm upbringing on allergic rhinitis is well known, but how upbringing in other environments influences the development of allergic rhinitis is scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between place of upbringing and pet kee...
Published in: | European Clinical Respiratory Journal |
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2016
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:be326005d47c4446b79312c970e00a18 2023-05-15T16:51:51+02:00 A clear urban–rural gradient of allergic rhinitis in a population-based study in Northern Europe Stine Holmegaard Christensen Signe Timm Christer Janson Bryndis Benediktsdóttir Bertil Forsberg Mathias Holm Rain Jogi Ane Johannessen Ernst Omenaas Torben Sigsgaard Cecilie Svanes Vivi Schlünssen 2016-11-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3402/ecrj.v3.33463 https://doaj.org/article/be326005d47c4446b79312c970e00a18 EN eng Taylor & Francis Group http://www.ecrj.net/index.php/ecrj/article/view/33463/50055 https://doaj.org/toc/2001-8525 2001-8525 doi:10.3402/ecrj.v3.33463 https://doaj.org/article/be326005d47c4446b79312c970e00a18 European Clinical Respiratory Journal, Vol 3, Iss 0, Pp 1-8 (2016) allergic rhinitis microbial diversity microbial exposure nasal symptoms pets place of upbringing Diseases of the respiratory system RC705-779 article 2016 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3402/ecrj.v3.33463 2022-12-31T02:06:21Z Background: The protective effect of farm upbringing on allergic rhinitis is well known, but how upbringing in other environments influences the development of allergic rhinitis is scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between place of upbringing and pet keeping in childhood and allergic rhinitis and nasal symptoms in adulthood. Methods: The population-based Respiratory Health in Northern Europe study includes subjects from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland, and Estonia born in 1945–1973. This paper analyses 13,376 participants of the third study wave. Six categories of place of upbringing were defined: farm with livestock, farm without livestock, village in rural area, small town, city suburb, and inner city. Pets in the home at birth and during childhood were recorded. Data were analysed using adjusted logistic regression models. Results: Livestock farm upbringing predicted less adult allergic rhinitis [odds ratio (OR) 0.68, 0.54–0.85] and nasal symptoms (OR 0.82, 0.68–0.99) than city upbringing, and an urban–rural gradient with decreasing risk per level of urbanisation was observed (OR 0.92, 0.88–0.94). Pets in the home at birth (OR 0.78, 0.68–0.88) and during childhood (OR 0.83, 0.74–0.93) were associated with less subsequent allergic rhinitis. Pet keeping did not explain the protective effect of place of upbringing. Conclusion: Risk of allergic rhinitis and nasal symptoms in adulthood was inversely associated with the level of urbanisation during upbringing. Pets at birth decreased the risk further, but did not explain the urban–rural gradient. Persistent beneficial effects of microbial diversity in early life might be an explanation for the findings. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Norway European Clinical Respiratory Journal 3 1 33463 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
allergic rhinitis microbial diversity microbial exposure nasal symptoms pets place of upbringing Diseases of the respiratory system RC705-779 |
spellingShingle |
allergic rhinitis microbial diversity microbial exposure nasal symptoms pets place of upbringing Diseases of the respiratory system RC705-779 Stine Holmegaard Christensen Signe Timm Christer Janson Bryndis Benediktsdóttir Bertil Forsberg Mathias Holm Rain Jogi Ane Johannessen Ernst Omenaas Torben Sigsgaard Cecilie Svanes Vivi Schlünssen A clear urban–rural gradient of allergic rhinitis in a population-based study in Northern Europe |
topic_facet |
allergic rhinitis microbial diversity microbial exposure nasal symptoms pets place of upbringing Diseases of the respiratory system RC705-779 |
description |
Background: The protective effect of farm upbringing on allergic rhinitis is well known, but how upbringing in other environments influences the development of allergic rhinitis is scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between place of upbringing and pet keeping in childhood and allergic rhinitis and nasal symptoms in adulthood. Methods: The population-based Respiratory Health in Northern Europe study includes subjects from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland, and Estonia born in 1945–1973. This paper analyses 13,376 participants of the third study wave. Six categories of place of upbringing were defined: farm with livestock, farm without livestock, village in rural area, small town, city suburb, and inner city. Pets in the home at birth and during childhood were recorded. Data were analysed using adjusted logistic regression models. Results: Livestock farm upbringing predicted less adult allergic rhinitis [odds ratio (OR) 0.68, 0.54–0.85] and nasal symptoms (OR 0.82, 0.68–0.99) than city upbringing, and an urban–rural gradient with decreasing risk per level of urbanisation was observed (OR 0.92, 0.88–0.94). Pets in the home at birth (OR 0.78, 0.68–0.88) and during childhood (OR 0.83, 0.74–0.93) were associated with less subsequent allergic rhinitis. Pet keeping did not explain the protective effect of place of upbringing. Conclusion: Risk of allergic rhinitis and nasal symptoms in adulthood was inversely associated with the level of urbanisation during upbringing. Pets at birth decreased the risk further, but did not explain the urban–rural gradient. Persistent beneficial effects of microbial diversity in early life might be an explanation for the findings. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Stine Holmegaard Christensen Signe Timm Christer Janson Bryndis Benediktsdóttir Bertil Forsberg Mathias Holm Rain Jogi Ane Johannessen Ernst Omenaas Torben Sigsgaard Cecilie Svanes Vivi Schlünssen |
author_facet |
Stine Holmegaard Christensen Signe Timm Christer Janson Bryndis Benediktsdóttir Bertil Forsberg Mathias Holm Rain Jogi Ane Johannessen Ernst Omenaas Torben Sigsgaard Cecilie Svanes Vivi Schlünssen |
author_sort |
Stine Holmegaard Christensen |
title |
A clear urban–rural gradient of allergic rhinitis in a population-based study in Northern Europe |
title_short |
A clear urban–rural gradient of allergic rhinitis in a population-based study in Northern Europe |
title_full |
A clear urban–rural gradient of allergic rhinitis in a population-based study in Northern Europe |
title_fullStr |
A clear urban–rural gradient of allergic rhinitis in a population-based study in Northern Europe |
title_full_unstemmed |
A clear urban–rural gradient of allergic rhinitis in a population-based study in Northern Europe |
title_sort |
clear urban–rural gradient of allergic rhinitis in a population-based study in northern europe |
publisher |
Taylor & Francis Group |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3402/ecrj.v3.33463 https://doaj.org/article/be326005d47c4446b79312c970e00a18 |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
European Clinical Respiratory Journal, Vol 3, Iss 0, Pp 1-8 (2016) |
op_relation |
http://www.ecrj.net/index.php/ecrj/article/view/33463/50055 https://doaj.org/toc/2001-8525 2001-8525 doi:10.3402/ecrj.v3.33463 https://doaj.org/article/be326005d47c4446b79312c970e00a18 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3402/ecrj.v3.33463 |
container_title |
European Clinical Respiratory Journal |
container_volume |
3 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
33463 |
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1766041958890864640 |