The spatial epidemiology of leprosy in Kenya: A retrospective study.
Background Leprosy elimination defined as a registered prevalence rate of less than 1 case per 10,000 persons was achieved in Kenya at the national level in 1989. However, there are still pockets of leprosy in some counties where late diagnosis and consequent physical disability persist. The epidemi...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:bdbb39d7337544d7947fd9ed0c5657af 2023-05-15T15:16:14+02:00 The spatial epidemiology of leprosy in Kenya: A retrospective study. Fatihiyya Wangara Hillary Kipruto Oscar Ngesa James Kayima Enos Masini Joseph Sitienei Faith Ngari 2019-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007329 https://doaj.org/article/bdbb39d7337544d7947fd9ed0c5657af EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007329 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007329 https://doaj.org/article/bdbb39d7337544d7947fd9ed0c5657af PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 13, Iss 4, p e0007329 (2019) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007329 2022-12-30T20:31:43Z Background Leprosy elimination defined as a registered prevalence rate of less than 1 case per 10,000 persons was achieved in Kenya at the national level in 1989. However, there are still pockets of leprosy in some counties where late diagnosis and consequent physical disability persist. The epidemiology of leprosy in Kenya for the period 2012 through to 2015 was defined using spatial methods. Methods This was a retrospective ecological correlational study that utilized leprosy case based data extracted from the National Leprosy Control Program database. Geographic information system and demographic data were obtained from Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS). Chi square tests were carried out to check for association between sociodemographic factors and disease indicators. Two Spatial Poisson Conditional Autoregressive (CAR) models were fitted in WinBUGS 1.4 software. The first model included all leprosy cases (new, retreatment, transfers from another health facility) and the second one included only new leprosy cases. These models were used to estimate leprosy relative risks per county as compared to the whole country i.e. the risk of presenting with leprosy given the geographical location. Principal findings Children aged less than 15 years accounted for 7.5% of all leprosy cases indicating active leprosy transmission in Kenya. The risk of leprosy notification increased by about 5% for every 1 year increase in age, whereas a 1% increase in the proportion of MB cases increased the chances of new leprosy case notification by 4%. When compared to the whole country, counties with the highest risk of leprosy include Kwale (relative risk of 15), Kilifi (RR;8.9) and Homabay (RR;4.1), whereas Turkana had the lowest relative risk of 0.005. Conclusion Leprosy incidence exhibits geographical variation and there is need to institute tailored local control measures in these areas to reduce the burden of disability. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 13 4 e0007329 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Fatihiyya Wangara Hillary Kipruto Oscar Ngesa James Kayima Enos Masini Joseph Sitienei Faith Ngari The spatial epidemiology of leprosy in Kenya: A retrospective study. |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Background Leprosy elimination defined as a registered prevalence rate of less than 1 case per 10,000 persons was achieved in Kenya at the national level in 1989. However, there are still pockets of leprosy in some counties where late diagnosis and consequent physical disability persist. The epidemiology of leprosy in Kenya for the period 2012 through to 2015 was defined using spatial methods. Methods This was a retrospective ecological correlational study that utilized leprosy case based data extracted from the National Leprosy Control Program database. Geographic information system and demographic data were obtained from Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS). Chi square tests were carried out to check for association between sociodemographic factors and disease indicators. Two Spatial Poisson Conditional Autoregressive (CAR) models were fitted in WinBUGS 1.4 software. The first model included all leprosy cases (new, retreatment, transfers from another health facility) and the second one included only new leprosy cases. These models were used to estimate leprosy relative risks per county as compared to the whole country i.e. the risk of presenting with leprosy given the geographical location. Principal findings Children aged less than 15 years accounted for 7.5% of all leprosy cases indicating active leprosy transmission in Kenya. The risk of leprosy notification increased by about 5% for every 1 year increase in age, whereas a 1% increase in the proportion of MB cases increased the chances of new leprosy case notification by 4%. When compared to the whole country, counties with the highest risk of leprosy include Kwale (relative risk of 15), Kilifi (RR;8.9) and Homabay (RR;4.1), whereas Turkana had the lowest relative risk of 0.005. Conclusion Leprosy incidence exhibits geographical variation and there is need to institute tailored local control measures in these areas to reduce the burden of disability. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Fatihiyya Wangara Hillary Kipruto Oscar Ngesa James Kayima Enos Masini Joseph Sitienei Faith Ngari |
author_facet |
Fatihiyya Wangara Hillary Kipruto Oscar Ngesa James Kayima Enos Masini Joseph Sitienei Faith Ngari |
author_sort |
Fatihiyya Wangara |
title |
The spatial epidemiology of leprosy in Kenya: A retrospective study. |
title_short |
The spatial epidemiology of leprosy in Kenya: A retrospective study. |
title_full |
The spatial epidemiology of leprosy in Kenya: A retrospective study. |
title_fullStr |
The spatial epidemiology of leprosy in Kenya: A retrospective study. |
title_full_unstemmed |
The spatial epidemiology of leprosy in Kenya: A retrospective study. |
title_sort |
spatial epidemiology of leprosy in kenya: a retrospective study. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007329 https://doaj.org/article/bdbb39d7337544d7947fd9ed0c5657af |
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Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
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Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 13, Iss 4, p e0007329 (2019) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007329 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007329 https://doaj.org/article/bdbb39d7337544d7947fd9ed0c5657af |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007329 |
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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e0007329 |
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