Molecular characterization and genotype distribution of thioester-containing protein 1 gene in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes in western Kenya
Abstract Background Evolutionary pressures lead to the selection of efficient malaria vectors either resistant or susceptible to Plasmodium parasites. These forces may favour the introduction of species genotypes that adapt to new breeding habitats, potentially having an impact on malaria transmissi...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:bd9e792b4298405ebe3a4428400020b2 2023-05-15T15:15:24+02:00 Molecular characterization and genotype distribution of thioester-containing protein 1 gene in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes in western Kenya Shirley A. Onyango Kevin O. Ochwedo Maxwell G. Machani Julius O. Olumeh Isaiah Debrah Collince J. Omondi Sidney O. Ogolla Ming-Chieh Lee Guofa Zhou Elizabeth Kokwaro James W. Kazura Yaw A. Afrane Andrew K. Githeko Daibin Zhong Guiyun Yan 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04256-w https://doaj.org/article/bd9e792b4298405ebe3a4428400020b2 EN eng BMC https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04256-w https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-022-04256-w 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/bd9e792b4298405ebe3a4428400020b2 Malaria Journal, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2022) Anopheles gambiae Thioester-containing protein 1 Genetic diversity Population structure Signature of selection Malaria transmission Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04256-w 2022-12-31T00:55:33Z Abstract Background Evolutionary pressures lead to the selection of efficient malaria vectors either resistant or susceptible to Plasmodium parasites. These forces may favour the introduction of species genotypes that adapt to new breeding habitats, potentially having an impact on malaria transmission. Thioester-containing protein 1 (TEP1) of Anopheles gambiae complex plays an important role in innate immune defenses against parasites. This study aims to characterize the distribution pattern of TEP1 polymorphisms among populations of An. gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) in western Kenya. Methods Anopheles gambiae adult and larvae were collected using pyrethrum spray catches (PSC) and plastic dippers respectively from Homa Bay, Kakamega, Bungoma, and Kisumu counties between 2017 and 2020. Collected adults and larvae reared to the adult stage were morphologically identified and then identified to sibling species by PCR. TEP1 alleles were determined in 627 anopheles mosquitoes using restriction fragment length polymorphisms-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) and to validate the TEP1 genotyping results, a representative sample of the alleles was sequenced. Results Two TEP1 alleles (TEP1*S1 and TEP1*R2) and three corresponding genotypes (*S1/S1, *R2/S1, and *R2/R2) were identified. TEP1*S1 and TEP1*R2 with their corresponding genotypes, homozygous *S1/S1 and heterozygous *R2/S1 were widely distributed across all sites with allele frequencies of approximately 80% and 20%, respectively both in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis. There was no significant difference detected among the populations and between the two mosquito species in TEP1 allele frequency and genotype frequency. The overall low levels in population structure (F ST = 0.019) across all sites corresponded to an effective migration index (Nm = 12.571) and low Nei’s genetic distance values (< 0.500) among the subpopulation. The comparative fixation index values revealed minimal genetic differentiation between species and high levels of gene flow among ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 21 1 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Anopheles gambiae Thioester-containing protein 1 Genetic diversity Population structure Signature of selection Malaria transmission Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
spellingShingle |
Anopheles gambiae Thioester-containing protein 1 Genetic diversity Population structure Signature of selection Malaria transmission Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Shirley A. Onyango Kevin O. Ochwedo Maxwell G. Machani Julius O. Olumeh Isaiah Debrah Collince J. Omondi Sidney O. Ogolla Ming-Chieh Lee Guofa Zhou Elizabeth Kokwaro James W. Kazura Yaw A. Afrane Andrew K. Githeko Daibin Zhong Guiyun Yan Molecular characterization and genotype distribution of thioester-containing protein 1 gene in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes in western Kenya |
topic_facet |
Anopheles gambiae Thioester-containing protein 1 Genetic diversity Population structure Signature of selection Malaria transmission Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background Evolutionary pressures lead to the selection of efficient malaria vectors either resistant or susceptible to Plasmodium parasites. These forces may favour the introduction of species genotypes that adapt to new breeding habitats, potentially having an impact on malaria transmission. Thioester-containing protein 1 (TEP1) of Anopheles gambiae complex plays an important role in innate immune defenses against parasites. This study aims to characterize the distribution pattern of TEP1 polymorphisms among populations of An. gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) in western Kenya. Methods Anopheles gambiae adult and larvae were collected using pyrethrum spray catches (PSC) and plastic dippers respectively from Homa Bay, Kakamega, Bungoma, and Kisumu counties between 2017 and 2020. Collected adults and larvae reared to the adult stage were morphologically identified and then identified to sibling species by PCR. TEP1 alleles were determined in 627 anopheles mosquitoes using restriction fragment length polymorphisms-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) and to validate the TEP1 genotyping results, a representative sample of the alleles was sequenced. Results Two TEP1 alleles (TEP1*S1 and TEP1*R2) and three corresponding genotypes (*S1/S1, *R2/S1, and *R2/R2) were identified. TEP1*S1 and TEP1*R2 with their corresponding genotypes, homozygous *S1/S1 and heterozygous *R2/S1 were widely distributed across all sites with allele frequencies of approximately 80% and 20%, respectively both in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis. There was no significant difference detected among the populations and between the two mosquito species in TEP1 allele frequency and genotype frequency. The overall low levels in population structure (F ST = 0.019) across all sites corresponded to an effective migration index (Nm = 12.571) and low Nei’s genetic distance values (< 0.500) among the subpopulation. The comparative fixation index values revealed minimal genetic differentiation between species and high levels of gene flow among ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Shirley A. Onyango Kevin O. Ochwedo Maxwell G. Machani Julius O. Olumeh Isaiah Debrah Collince J. Omondi Sidney O. Ogolla Ming-Chieh Lee Guofa Zhou Elizabeth Kokwaro James W. Kazura Yaw A. Afrane Andrew K. Githeko Daibin Zhong Guiyun Yan |
author_facet |
Shirley A. Onyango Kevin O. Ochwedo Maxwell G. Machani Julius O. Olumeh Isaiah Debrah Collince J. Omondi Sidney O. Ogolla Ming-Chieh Lee Guofa Zhou Elizabeth Kokwaro James W. Kazura Yaw A. Afrane Andrew K. Githeko Daibin Zhong Guiyun Yan |
author_sort |
Shirley A. Onyango |
title |
Molecular characterization and genotype distribution of thioester-containing protein 1 gene in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes in western Kenya |
title_short |
Molecular characterization and genotype distribution of thioester-containing protein 1 gene in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes in western Kenya |
title_full |
Molecular characterization and genotype distribution of thioester-containing protein 1 gene in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes in western Kenya |
title_fullStr |
Molecular characterization and genotype distribution of thioester-containing protein 1 gene in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes in western Kenya |
title_full_unstemmed |
Molecular characterization and genotype distribution of thioester-containing protein 1 gene in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes in western Kenya |
title_sort |
molecular characterization and genotype distribution of thioester-containing protein 1 gene in anopheles gambiae mosquitoes in western kenya |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04256-w https://doaj.org/article/bd9e792b4298405ebe3a4428400020b2 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04256-w https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-022-04256-w 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/bd9e792b4298405ebe3a4428400020b2 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04256-w |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
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21 |
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1 |
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1766345774521647104 |