Fecal carriage and factors associated with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae among pregnant women at the tertiary referral hospital, Tanzania

• Published in: Tropical Medicine and Health
• Main Authors: Ambele M. Mwandigha, Doreen Kamori, Upendo O. Kibwana, Salim Masoud, Joel Manyahi, Mtebe Majigo
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: BMC 2020
• Subjects: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase; Enterobacteriaceae; Fecal carriage; Antimicrobial resistance; Pregnancy; Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine; RC955-962; Arctic
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-020-00271-2; https://doaj.org/article/bd800c3b26ec4b78b4349887cd013769

Abstract Background Infections due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) are increasing worldwide. Evidence indicates that fecal carriage of ESBL-E in pregnancy predisposes women to potential life-threatening urinary tract infections and subsequently increasing the risk of neonatal infections. There is limited data regarding fecal carriage of ESBL-E and associated factors among pregnant women in Tanzania. We aimed to address the gap by determining the proportion of pregnant women with ESBL-E fecal carriage and identify the related factors. Methodology A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A total of 182 pregnant women at the gestational age of 37 weeks and above were enrolled. Participants’ socio-demographic, clinical, and hygienic information were collected by using a well-structured questionnaire. Rectal swabs were collected and processed for isolation of ESBL-E. The extended-spectrum β-lactamase production and antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) were performed using a double-disc synergy test and Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, respectively. Results A total of 117 (64.3%) pregnant women were found to carry ESBL-E. Factors such as self-prescription of antibiotic medication during pregnancy, low education level, and toilet sharing were independently associated with ESBL-E fecal carriage. Five ESBL-E species that were isolated include Escherichia coli (84.6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.9%), Klebsiella oxytoca (3.3%), Citrobacter spp. (1.6%), and Enterobacter spp. (1.6%). ESBL-E isolates demonstrated high resistance to aztreonam and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Conclusion This study has revealed a relatively high fecal carriage of ESBL-E among pregnant women, suggesting that there is a need for routine screening among that population. We recommend further studies to explore comprehensively the factors associated with high fecal carriage of ESBL-E in pregnancy and the potential transmission kinetics to ...