Detection of Evolutionarily Distinct Avian Influenza A Viruses in Antarctica
ABSTRACT Distinct lineages of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are harbored by spatially segregated birds, yet significant surveillance gaps exist around the globe. Virtually nothing is known from the Antarctic. Using virus culture, molecular analysis, full genome sequencing, and serology of samples f...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:bd13e24971834dc8b72c2af065654c10 2023-05-15T13:51:00+02:00 Detection of Evolutionarily Distinct Avian Influenza A Viruses in Antarctica Aeron C. Hurt Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna Jeffrey Butler Chantal Baas Sebastian Maurer-Stroh M. Carolina Silva-de-la-Fuente Gonzalo Medina-Vogel Bjorn Olsen Anne Kelso Ian G. Barr Daniel González-Acuña 2014-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01098-14 https://doaj.org/article/bd13e24971834dc8b72c2af065654c10 EN eng American Society for Microbiology https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01098-14 https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511 doi:10.1128/mBio.01098-14 2150-7511 https://doaj.org/article/bd13e24971834dc8b72c2af065654c10 mBio, Vol 5, Iss 3 (2014) Microbiology QR1-502 article 2014 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01098-14 2022-12-31T13:58:39Z ABSTRACT Distinct lineages of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are harbored by spatially segregated birds, yet significant surveillance gaps exist around the globe. Virtually nothing is known from the Antarctic. Using virus culture, molecular analysis, full genome sequencing, and serology of samples from Adélie penguins in Antarctica, we confirmed infection by H11N2 subtype AIVs. Their genetic segments were distinct from all known contemporary influenza viruses, including South American AIVs, suggesting spatial separation from other lineages. Only in the matrix and polymerase acidic gene phylogenies did the Antarctic sequences form a sister relationship to South American AIVs, whereas distant phylogenetic relationships were evident in all other gene segments. Interestingly, their neuraminidase genes formed a distant relationship to all avian and human influenza lineages, and the polymerase basic 1 and polymerase acidic formed a sister relationship to the equine H3N8 influenza virus lineage that emerged during 1963 and whose avian origins were previously unknown. We also estimated that each gene segment had diverged for 49 to 80 years from its most closely related sequences, highlighting a significant gap in our AIV knowledge in the region. We also show that the receptor binding properties of the H11N2 viruses are predominantly avian and that they were unable to replicate efficiently in experimentally inoculated ferrets, suggesting their continuous evolution in avian hosts. These findings add substantially to our understanding of both the ecology and the intra- and intercontinental movement of Antarctic AIVs and highlight the potential risk of an incursion of highly pathogenic AIVs into this fragile environment. IMPORTANCE Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are typically maintained and spread by migratory birds, resulting in the existence of distinctly different viruses around the world. However, AIVs have not previously been detected in Antarctica. In this study, we characterized H11N2 viruses sampled from Adélie ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic The Antarctic mBio 5 3 |
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Microbiology QR1-502 |
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Microbiology QR1-502 Aeron C. Hurt Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna Jeffrey Butler Chantal Baas Sebastian Maurer-Stroh M. Carolina Silva-de-la-Fuente Gonzalo Medina-Vogel Bjorn Olsen Anne Kelso Ian G. Barr Daniel González-Acuña Detection of Evolutionarily Distinct Avian Influenza A Viruses in Antarctica |
topic_facet |
Microbiology QR1-502 |
description |
ABSTRACT Distinct lineages of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are harbored by spatially segregated birds, yet significant surveillance gaps exist around the globe. Virtually nothing is known from the Antarctic. Using virus culture, molecular analysis, full genome sequencing, and serology of samples from Adélie penguins in Antarctica, we confirmed infection by H11N2 subtype AIVs. Their genetic segments were distinct from all known contemporary influenza viruses, including South American AIVs, suggesting spatial separation from other lineages. Only in the matrix and polymerase acidic gene phylogenies did the Antarctic sequences form a sister relationship to South American AIVs, whereas distant phylogenetic relationships were evident in all other gene segments. Interestingly, their neuraminidase genes formed a distant relationship to all avian and human influenza lineages, and the polymerase basic 1 and polymerase acidic formed a sister relationship to the equine H3N8 influenza virus lineage that emerged during 1963 and whose avian origins were previously unknown. We also estimated that each gene segment had diverged for 49 to 80 years from its most closely related sequences, highlighting a significant gap in our AIV knowledge in the region. We also show that the receptor binding properties of the H11N2 viruses are predominantly avian and that they were unable to replicate efficiently in experimentally inoculated ferrets, suggesting their continuous evolution in avian hosts. These findings add substantially to our understanding of both the ecology and the intra- and intercontinental movement of Antarctic AIVs and highlight the potential risk of an incursion of highly pathogenic AIVs into this fragile environment. IMPORTANCE Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are typically maintained and spread by migratory birds, resulting in the existence of distinctly different viruses around the world. However, AIVs have not previously been detected in Antarctica. In this study, we characterized H11N2 viruses sampled from Adélie ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Aeron C. Hurt Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna Jeffrey Butler Chantal Baas Sebastian Maurer-Stroh M. Carolina Silva-de-la-Fuente Gonzalo Medina-Vogel Bjorn Olsen Anne Kelso Ian G. Barr Daniel González-Acuña |
author_facet |
Aeron C. Hurt Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna Jeffrey Butler Chantal Baas Sebastian Maurer-Stroh M. Carolina Silva-de-la-Fuente Gonzalo Medina-Vogel Bjorn Olsen Anne Kelso Ian G. Barr Daniel González-Acuña |
author_sort |
Aeron C. Hurt |
title |
Detection of Evolutionarily Distinct Avian Influenza A Viruses in Antarctica |
title_short |
Detection of Evolutionarily Distinct Avian Influenza A Viruses in Antarctica |
title_full |
Detection of Evolutionarily Distinct Avian Influenza A Viruses in Antarctica |
title_fullStr |
Detection of Evolutionarily Distinct Avian Influenza A Viruses in Antarctica |
title_full_unstemmed |
Detection of Evolutionarily Distinct Avian Influenza A Viruses in Antarctica |
title_sort |
detection of evolutionarily distinct avian influenza a viruses in antarctica |
publisher |
American Society for Microbiology |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01098-14 https://doaj.org/article/bd13e24971834dc8b72c2af065654c10 |
geographic |
Antarctic The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
op_source |
mBio, Vol 5, Iss 3 (2014) |
op_relation |
https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01098-14 https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511 doi:10.1128/mBio.01098-14 2150-7511 https://doaj.org/article/bd13e24971834dc8b72c2af065654c10 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01098-14 |
container_title |
mBio |
container_volume |
5 |
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3 |
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1766254557086613504 |