ELF/VLF Wave Radiation Experiment by Modulated Ionospheric Heating Based on Multi-Source Observations at EISCAT
Ground-based high-frequency modulated waves can periodically heat the ionosphere and create “virtual antennas”, which can radiate extremely low frequency (ELF, 0.3–3 kHz) or very low frequency (VLF, 3–30 kHz) waves for long-distance communication. Ionospheric X-mode and O-mode heating experiments us...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:bcb29efd4c784f57a366656563b030b9 2023-05-15T16:04:47+02:00 ELF/VLF Wave Radiation Experiment by Modulated Ionospheric Heating Based on Multi-Source Observations at EISCAT Jing Chen Jutao Yang Qingliang Li Yubo Yan Shuji Hao Cheng Wang Jian Wu Bin Xu Tong Xu Haiqin Che Linglei He 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020228 https://doaj.org/article/bcb29efd4c784f57a366656563b030b9 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/2/228 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433 doi:10.3390/atmos13020228 2073-4433 https://doaj.org/article/bcb29efd4c784f57a366656563b030b9 Atmosphere, Vol 13, Iss 228, p 228 (2022) ionospheric modulation heating ELF/VLF waves ionospheric electron temperature amplitude modulation beat-wave mode Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020228 2022-12-31T15:12:31Z Ground-based high-frequency modulated waves can periodically heat the ionosphere and create “virtual antennas”, which can radiate extremely low frequency (ELF, 0.3–3 kHz) or very low frequency (VLF, 3–30 kHz) waves for long-distance communication. Ionospheric X-mode and O-mode heating experiments using amplitude and beat-wave (BW) modulations were conducted on 21 November 2019. Experimental results were analyzed from multiple perspectives based on data from Dynasonde, a magnetometer, stimulated electromagnetic emissions, an ELF/VLF signal receiver, and ultra-high-frequency radar. The strongest excited ELF/VLF signals in previous BW modulation heating experiments were around 8–12 kHz; however, in this experiment, no signal excited in this frequency range was observed, and the signal with the highest signal/noise ratio was at the frequency of 3517 Hz, which will aid in understanding the best communication frequency under different ionospheric backgrounds. It is well-accepted that the electron temperature changes periodically with the modulation frequency. However, we noted that the electron temperature had insufficient cooling during the O-mode modulated heating process and then increased again, resulting in a continuous electron temperature increase. We found that this was related to the change in ion composition after analyzing ion-line spectra, which will be helpful in studying the effect of modulation heating on the ionosphere background. Article in Journal/Newspaper EISCAT Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Atmosphere 13 2 228 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
ionospheric modulation heating ELF/VLF waves ionospheric electron temperature amplitude modulation beat-wave mode Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 |
spellingShingle |
ionospheric modulation heating ELF/VLF waves ionospheric electron temperature amplitude modulation beat-wave mode Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Jing Chen Jutao Yang Qingliang Li Yubo Yan Shuji Hao Cheng Wang Jian Wu Bin Xu Tong Xu Haiqin Che Linglei He ELF/VLF Wave Radiation Experiment by Modulated Ionospheric Heating Based on Multi-Source Observations at EISCAT |
topic_facet |
ionospheric modulation heating ELF/VLF waves ionospheric electron temperature amplitude modulation beat-wave mode Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 |
description |
Ground-based high-frequency modulated waves can periodically heat the ionosphere and create “virtual antennas”, which can radiate extremely low frequency (ELF, 0.3–3 kHz) or very low frequency (VLF, 3–30 kHz) waves for long-distance communication. Ionospheric X-mode and O-mode heating experiments using amplitude and beat-wave (BW) modulations were conducted on 21 November 2019. Experimental results were analyzed from multiple perspectives based on data from Dynasonde, a magnetometer, stimulated electromagnetic emissions, an ELF/VLF signal receiver, and ultra-high-frequency radar. The strongest excited ELF/VLF signals in previous BW modulation heating experiments were around 8–12 kHz; however, in this experiment, no signal excited in this frequency range was observed, and the signal with the highest signal/noise ratio was at the frequency of 3517 Hz, which will aid in understanding the best communication frequency under different ionospheric backgrounds. It is well-accepted that the electron temperature changes periodically with the modulation frequency. However, we noted that the electron temperature had insufficient cooling during the O-mode modulated heating process and then increased again, resulting in a continuous electron temperature increase. We found that this was related to the change in ion composition after analyzing ion-line spectra, which will be helpful in studying the effect of modulation heating on the ionosphere background. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Jing Chen Jutao Yang Qingliang Li Yubo Yan Shuji Hao Cheng Wang Jian Wu Bin Xu Tong Xu Haiqin Che Linglei He |
author_facet |
Jing Chen Jutao Yang Qingliang Li Yubo Yan Shuji Hao Cheng Wang Jian Wu Bin Xu Tong Xu Haiqin Che Linglei He |
author_sort |
Jing Chen |
title |
ELF/VLF Wave Radiation Experiment by Modulated Ionospheric Heating Based on Multi-Source Observations at EISCAT |
title_short |
ELF/VLF Wave Radiation Experiment by Modulated Ionospheric Heating Based on Multi-Source Observations at EISCAT |
title_full |
ELF/VLF Wave Radiation Experiment by Modulated Ionospheric Heating Based on Multi-Source Observations at EISCAT |
title_fullStr |
ELF/VLF Wave Radiation Experiment by Modulated Ionospheric Heating Based on Multi-Source Observations at EISCAT |
title_full_unstemmed |
ELF/VLF Wave Radiation Experiment by Modulated Ionospheric Heating Based on Multi-Source Observations at EISCAT |
title_sort |
elf/vlf wave radiation experiment by modulated ionospheric heating based on multi-source observations at eiscat |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020228 https://doaj.org/article/bcb29efd4c784f57a366656563b030b9 |
genre |
EISCAT |
genre_facet |
EISCAT |
op_source |
Atmosphere, Vol 13, Iss 228, p 228 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/2/228 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433 doi:10.3390/atmos13020228 2073-4433 https://doaj.org/article/bcb29efd4c784f57a366656563b030b9 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020228 |
container_title |
Atmosphere |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
228 |
_version_ |
1766400409530793984 |