Canadian snow and sea ice: historical trends and projections
The Canadian Sea Ice and Snow Evolution (CanSISE) Network is a climate research network focused on developing and applying state of the art observational data to advance dynamical prediction, projections, and understanding of seasonal snow cover and sea ice in Canada and the circumpolar Arctic. Here...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:bc71b6b2a4494454898c25556fe57f72 2023-05-15T14:28:55+02:00 Canadian snow and sea ice: historical trends and projections L. R. Mudryk C. Derksen S. Howell F. Laliberté C. Thackeray R. Sospedra-Alfonso V. Vionnet P. J. Kushner R. Brown 2018-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1157-2018 https://doaj.org/article/bc71b6b2a4494454898c25556fe57f72 EN eng Copernicus Publications https://www.the-cryosphere.net/12/1157/2018/tc-12-1157-2018.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-12-1157-2018 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://doaj.org/article/bc71b6b2a4494454898c25556fe57f72 The Cryosphere, Vol 12, Pp 1157-1176 (2018) Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 article 2018 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1157-2018 2022-12-31T14:56:16Z The Canadian Sea Ice and Snow Evolution (CanSISE) Network is a climate research network focused on developing and applying state of the art observational data to advance dynamical prediction, projections, and understanding of seasonal snow cover and sea ice in Canada and the circumpolar Arctic. Here, we present an assessment from the CanSISE Network on trends in the historical record of snow cover (fraction, water equivalent) and sea ice (area, concentration, type, and thickness) across Canada. We also assess projected changes in snow cover and sea ice likely to occur by mid-century, as simulated by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) suite of Earth system models. The historical datasets show that the fraction of Canadian land and marine areas covered by snow and ice is decreasing over time, with seasonal and regional variability in the trends consistent with regional differences in surface temperature trends. In particular, summer sea ice cover has decreased significantly across nearly all Canadian marine regions, and the rate of multi-year ice loss in the Beaufort Sea and Canadian Arctic Archipelago has nearly doubled over the last 8 years. The multi-model consensus over the 2020–2050 period shows reductions in fall and spring snow cover fraction and sea ice concentration of 5–10 % per decade (or 15–30 % in total), with similar reductions in winter sea ice concentration in both Hudson Bay and eastern Canadian waters. Peak pre-melt terrestrial snow water equivalent reductions of up to 10 % per decade (30 % in total) are projected across southern Canada. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Archipelago Arctic Beaufort Sea Canadian Arctic Archipelago Hudson Bay Sea ice The Cryosphere Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Hudson Bay Canadian Arctic Archipelago Canada Hudson The Cryosphere 12 4 1157 1176 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 L. R. Mudryk C. Derksen S. Howell F. Laliberté C. Thackeray R. Sospedra-Alfonso V. Vionnet P. J. Kushner R. Brown Canadian snow and sea ice: historical trends and projections |
topic_facet |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
The Canadian Sea Ice and Snow Evolution (CanSISE) Network is a climate research network focused on developing and applying state of the art observational data to advance dynamical prediction, projections, and understanding of seasonal snow cover and sea ice in Canada and the circumpolar Arctic. Here, we present an assessment from the CanSISE Network on trends in the historical record of snow cover (fraction, water equivalent) and sea ice (area, concentration, type, and thickness) across Canada. We also assess projected changes in snow cover and sea ice likely to occur by mid-century, as simulated by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) suite of Earth system models. The historical datasets show that the fraction of Canadian land and marine areas covered by snow and ice is decreasing over time, with seasonal and regional variability in the trends consistent with regional differences in surface temperature trends. In particular, summer sea ice cover has decreased significantly across nearly all Canadian marine regions, and the rate of multi-year ice loss in the Beaufort Sea and Canadian Arctic Archipelago has nearly doubled over the last 8 years. The multi-model consensus over the 2020–2050 period shows reductions in fall and spring snow cover fraction and sea ice concentration of 5–10 % per decade (or 15–30 % in total), with similar reductions in winter sea ice concentration in both Hudson Bay and eastern Canadian waters. Peak pre-melt terrestrial snow water equivalent reductions of up to 10 % per decade (30 % in total) are projected across southern Canada. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
L. R. Mudryk C. Derksen S. Howell F. Laliberté C. Thackeray R. Sospedra-Alfonso V. Vionnet P. J. Kushner R. Brown |
author_facet |
L. R. Mudryk C. Derksen S. Howell F. Laliberté C. Thackeray R. Sospedra-Alfonso V. Vionnet P. J. Kushner R. Brown |
author_sort |
L. R. Mudryk |
title |
Canadian snow and sea ice: historical trends and projections |
title_short |
Canadian snow and sea ice: historical trends and projections |
title_full |
Canadian snow and sea ice: historical trends and projections |
title_fullStr |
Canadian snow and sea ice: historical trends and projections |
title_full_unstemmed |
Canadian snow and sea ice: historical trends and projections |
title_sort |
canadian snow and sea ice: historical trends and projections |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1157-2018 https://doaj.org/article/bc71b6b2a4494454898c25556fe57f72 |
geographic |
Arctic Hudson Bay Canadian Arctic Archipelago Canada Hudson |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Hudson Bay Canadian Arctic Archipelago Canada Hudson |
genre |
Arctic Archipelago Arctic Beaufort Sea Canadian Arctic Archipelago Hudson Bay Sea ice The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
Arctic Archipelago Arctic Beaufort Sea Canadian Arctic Archipelago Hudson Bay Sea ice The Cryosphere |
op_source |
The Cryosphere, Vol 12, Pp 1157-1176 (2018) |
op_relation |
https://www.the-cryosphere.net/12/1157/2018/tc-12-1157-2018.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-12-1157-2018 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://doaj.org/article/bc71b6b2a4494454898c25556fe57f72 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1157-2018 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
1157 |
op_container_end_page |
1176 |
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