Efficacy of aerial forward-looking infrared surveys for detecting polar bear maternal dens.
Denned polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are invisible under the snow, therefore winter-time petroleum exploration and development activities in northern Alaska have potential to disturb maternal polar bears and their cubs. Previous research determined forward looking infrared (FLIR) imagery could detec...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:bc3399ba23da40119949074d4f5a57e5 2023-05-15T18:42:25+02:00 Efficacy of aerial forward-looking infrared surveys for detecting polar bear maternal dens. Tom S Smith Steven C Amstrup B J Kirschhoffer Geoffrey York 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222744 https://doaj.org/article/bc3399ba23da40119949074d4f5a57e5 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222744 https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222744 https://doaj.org/article/bc3399ba23da40119949074d4f5a57e5 PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 2, p e0222744 (2020) Medicine R Science Q article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222744 2022-12-31T05:50:09Z Denned polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are invisible under the snow, therefore winter-time petroleum exploration and development activities in northern Alaska have potential to disturb maternal polar bears and their cubs. Previous research determined forward looking infrared (FLIR) imagery could detect many polar bear maternal dens under the snow, but also identified limitations of FLIR imagery. We evaluated the efficacy of FLIR-surveys conducted by oil-field operators from 2004-2016. Aerial FLIR surveys detected 15 of 33 (45%) and missed 18 (55%) of the dens known to be within surveyed areas. While greater adherence to previously recommended protocols may improve FLIR detection rates, the physical characteristics of polar bear maternal dens, increasing frequencies of weather unsuitable for FLIR detections-caused by global warming, and competing false positives are likely to prevent FLIR surveys from detecting maternal dens reliably enough to afford protections consonant with increasing global threats to polar bear welfare. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ursus maritimus Alaska Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles PLOS ONE 15 2 e0222744 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Medicine R Science Q |
spellingShingle |
Medicine R Science Q Tom S Smith Steven C Amstrup B J Kirschhoffer Geoffrey York Efficacy of aerial forward-looking infrared surveys for detecting polar bear maternal dens. |
topic_facet |
Medicine R Science Q |
description |
Denned polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are invisible under the snow, therefore winter-time petroleum exploration and development activities in northern Alaska have potential to disturb maternal polar bears and their cubs. Previous research determined forward looking infrared (FLIR) imagery could detect many polar bear maternal dens under the snow, but also identified limitations of FLIR imagery. We evaluated the efficacy of FLIR-surveys conducted by oil-field operators from 2004-2016. Aerial FLIR surveys detected 15 of 33 (45%) and missed 18 (55%) of the dens known to be within surveyed areas. While greater adherence to previously recommended protocols may improve FLIR detection rates, the physical characteristics of polar bear maternal dens, increasing frequencies of weather unsuitable for FLIR detections-caused by global warming, and competing false positives are likely to prevent FLIR surveys from detecting maternal dens reliably enough to afford protections consonant with increasing global threats to polar bear welfare. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Tom S Smith Steven C Amstrup B J Kirschhoffer Geoffrey York |
author_facet |
Tom S Smith Steven C Amstrup B J Kirschhoffer Geoffrey York |
author_sort |
Tom S Smith |
title |
Efficacy of aerial forward-looking infrared surveys for detecting polar bear maternal dens. |
title_short |
Efficacy of aerial forward-looking infrared surveys for detecting polar bear maternal dens. |
title_full |
Efficacy of aerial forward-looking infrared surveys for detecting polar bear maternal dens. |
title_fullStr |
Efficacy of aerial forward-looking infrared surveys for detecting polar bear maternal dens. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Efficacy of aerial forward-looking infrared surveys for detecting polar bear maternal dens. |
title_sort |
efficacy of aerial forward-looking infrared surveys for detecting polar bear maternal dens. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222744 https://doaj.org/article/bc3399ba23da40119949074d4f5a57e5 |
genre |
Ursus maritimus Alaska |
genre_facet |
Ursus maritimus Alaska |
op_source |
PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 2, p e0222744 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222744 https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222744 https://doaj.org/article/bc3399ba23da40119949074d4f5a57e5 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222744 |
container_title |
PLOS ONE |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
e0222744 |
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1766232076406751232 |