Effects of dietary lipid level and environmental temperature on lipid metabolism in the intestine and liver, and choline requirement in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) parr
Choline was recently established as an essential nutrient for Atlantic salmon at all life stages. Choline deficiency is manifested as an excessive accumulation of dietary fat within the intestinal enterocytes, a condition known as steatosis. Most of today's plant-based salmon feeds will be chol...
Published in: | Journal of Nutritional Science |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Cambridge University Press
2023
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2023.45 https://doaj.org/article/bb5c5209b5e943d089c6563a6d281035 |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:bb5c5209b5e943d089c6563a6d281035 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:bb5c5209b5e943d089c6563a6d281035 2023-06-11T04:10:16+02:00 Effects of dietary lipid level and environmental temperature on lipid metabolism in the intestine and liver, and choline requirement in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) parr Daphne Siciliani Trond M. Kortner Gerd M. Berge Anne Kristine Hansen Åshild Krogdahl 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2023.45 https://doaj.org/article/bb5c5209b5e943d089c6563a6d281035 EN eng Cambridge University Press https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2048679023000459/type/journal_article https://doaj.org/toc/2048-6790 doi:10.1017/jns.2023.45 2048-6790 https://doaj.org/article/bb5c5209b5e943d089c6563a6d281035 Journal of Nutritional Science, Vol 12 (2023) Choline requirement Fish nutrition Gut health Lipid accumulation Plant feed Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Medicine R article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2023.45 2023-05-28T00:35:41Z Choline was recently established as an essential nutrient for Atlantic salmon at all life stages. Choline deficiency is manifested as an excessive accumulation of dietary fat within the intestinal enterocytes, a condition known as steatosis. Most of today's plant-based salmon feeds will be choline-deficient unless choline is supplemented. Choline's role in lipid transport suggests that choline requirement may depend on factors such as dietary lipid level and environmental temperature. The present study was therefore conducted to investigate whether lipid level and water temperature can affect steatosis symptoms, and thereby choline requirement in Atlantic salmon. Four choline-deficient plant-based diets were formulated differing in lipid level of 16, 20, 25 and 28 % and fed to salmon of 25 g initial weight in duplicate tanks per diet at two different environmental temperatures: 8 and 15 °C. After 8 weeks of feeding, samples of blood, tissue and gut content from six fish per tank were collected, for analyses of histomorphological, biochemical and molecular biomarkers of steatosis and choline requirement. Increasing lipid level did not affect growth rate but increased relative weight and lipid content of the pyloric caeca and histological symptoms of intestinal steatosis and decreased fish yield. Elevation of the water temperature from 8 to 15 °C, increased growth rate, relative weight of the pyloric caeca, and the histological symptoms of steatosis seemed to become more severe. We conclude that dietary lipid level, as well as environmental temperature, affect choline requirement to a magnitude of importance for fish biology and health, and for fish yield. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Journal of Nutritional Science 12 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Choline requirement Fish nutrition Gut health Lipid accumulation Plant feed Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Medicine R |
spellingShingle |
Choline requirement Fish nutrition Gut health Lipid accumulation Plant feed Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Medicine R Daphne Siciliani Trond M. Kortner Gerd M. Berge Anne Kristine Hansen Åshild Krogdahl Effects of dietary lipid level and environmental temperature on lipid metabolism in the intestine and liver, and choline requirement in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) parr |
topic_facet |
Choline requirement Fish nutrition Gut health Lipid accumulation Plant feed Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Medicine R |
description |
Choline was recently established as an essential nutrient for Atlantic salmon at all life stages. Choline deficiency is manifested as an excessive accumulation of dietary fat within the intestinal enterocytes, a condition known as steatosis. Most of today's plant-based salmon feeds will be choline-deficient unless choline is supplemented. Choline's role in lipid transport suggests that choline requirement may depend on factors such as dietary lipid level and environmental temperature. The present study was therefore conducted to investigate whether lipid level and water temperature can affect steatosis symptoms, and thereby choline requirement in Atlantic salmon. Four choline-deficient plant-based diets were formulated differing in lipid level of 16, 20, 25 and 28 % and fed to salmon of 25 g initial weight in duplicate tanks per diet at two different environmental temperatures: 8 and 15 °C. After 8 weeks of feeding, samples of blood, tissue and gut content from six fish per tank were collected, for analyses of histomorphological, biochemical and molecular biomarkers of steatosis and choline requirement. Increasing lipid level did not affect growth rate but increased relative weight and lipid content of the pyloric caeca and histological symptoms of intestinal steatosis and decreased fish yield. Elevation of the water temperature from 8 to 15 °C, increased growth rate, relative weight of the pyloric caeca, and the histological symptoms of steatosis seemed to become more severe. We conclude that dietary lipid level, as well as environmental temperature, affect choline requirement to a magnitude of importance for fish biology and health, and for fish yield. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Daphne Siciliani Trond M. Kortner Gerd M. Berge Anne Kristine Hansen Åshild Krogdahl |
author_facet |
Daphne Siciliani Trond M. Kortner Gerd M. Berge Anne Kristine Hansen Åshild Krogdahl |
author_sort |
Daphne Siciliani |
title |
Effects of dietary lipid level and environmental temperature on lipid metabolism in the intestine and liver, and choline requirement in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) parr |
title_short |
Effects of dietary lipid level and environmental temperature on lipid metabolism in the intestine and liver, and choline requirement in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) parr |
title_full |
Effects of dietary lipid level and environmental temperature on lipid metabolism in the intestine and liver, and choline requirement in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) parr |
title_fullStr |
Effects of dietary lipid level and environmental temperature on lipid metabolism in the intestine and liver, and choline requirement in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) parr |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of dietary lipid level and environmental temperature on lipid metabolism in the intestine and liver, and choline requirement in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) parr |
title_sort |
effects of dietary lipid level and environmental temperature on lipid metabolism in the intestine and liver, and choline requirement in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l) parr |
publisher |
Cambridge University Press |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2023.45 https://doaj.org/article/bb5c5209b5e943d089c6563a6d281035 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Journal of Nutritional Science, Vol 12 (2023) |
op_relation |
https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2048679023000459/type/journal_article https://doaj.org/toc/2048-6790 doi:10.1017/jns.2023.45 2048-6790 https://doaj.org/article/bb5c5209b5e943d089c6563a6d281035 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2023.45 |
container_title |
Journal of Nutritional Science |
container_volume |
12 |
_version_ |
1768384577315799040 |