State-dependent domicile leaving rates in Anopheles gambiae
Abstract Background Transmission of Plasmodium greatly depends on the foraging behaviour of its mosquito vector (Anopheles spp.). The accessibility of blood hosts and availability of plant sugar (i.e., nectar) sources, together with mosquito energy state, have been shown to modulate blood feeding (a...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:baa31477eaa54ead862c102e91db30fb 2023-05-15T15:15:40+02:00 State-dependent domicile leaving rates in Anopheles gambiae Simon P. W. Zappia Alex M. Chubaty Bernard D. Roitberg 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-2166-4 https://doaj.org/article/baa31477eaa54ead862c102e91db30fb EN eng BMC http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-017-2166-4 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-017-2166-4 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/baa31477eaa54ead862c102e91db30fb Malaria Journal, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2018) Energy Time State-dependent behaviour Floral cues Domicile emigration Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2018 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-2166-4 2022-12-30T23:21:30Z Abstract Background Transmission of Plasmodium greatly depends on the foraging behaviour of its mosquito vector (Anopheles spp.). The accessibility of blood hosts and availability of plant sugar (i.e., nectar) sources, together with mosquito energy state, have been shown to modulate blood feeding (and thus biting rates) of anopheline mosquitoes. In this study, the influence of mosquito starvation status and availability of nectar on the decision of female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes to leave a bed net-protected blood host was examined. Methods Two small-scale mesocosm experiments were conducted using female mosquitoes starved for 0, 24 or 48 h, that were released inside a specially constructed hut with mesh-sealed exits and containing a bed net-protected human volunteer. Floral cues were positioned on one side of the hut or the other. Several biologically plausible exponential decay models were developed that characterized the emigration rates of mosquitoes from the huts. These varied from simple random loss to leaving rates dependent upon energy state and time. These model fits were evaluated by examining their fitted parameter estimates and comparing Akaike information criterion. Results Starved mosquitoes left domiciles at a higher rate than recently fed individuals however, there was no difference between 1- and 2-day-starved mosquitoes. There was also no effect of floral cue placement. The best fitting emigration model was one based on both mosquito energy state and time whereas the worst fitting model was one based on the assumption of constant leaving rates, independent of time and energy state. Conclusions The results confirm that mosquito-leaving behaviour is energy-state dependent, and provide some of the first evidence of state-dependent domicile emigration in An. gambiae, which may play a role in malarial transmission dynamics. Employment of simple, first-principle, mechanistic models can be very useful to our understanding of why and how mosquitoes leave domiciles. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 17 1 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Energy Time State-dependent behaviour Floral cues Domicile emigration Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
spellingShingle |
Energy Time State-dependent behaviour Floral cues Domicile emigration Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Simon P. W. Zappia Alex M. Chubaty Bernard D. Roitberg State-dependent domicile leaving rates in Anopheles gambiae |
topic_facet |
Energy Time State-dependent behaviour Floral cues Domicile emigration Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background Transmission of Plasmodium greatly depends on the foraging behaviour of its mosquito vector (Anopheles spp.). The accessibility of blood hosts and availability of plant sugar (i.e., nectar) sources, together with mosquito energy state, have been shown to modulate blood feeding (and thus biting rates) of anopheline mosquitoes. In this study, the influence of mosquito starvation status and availability of nectar on the decision of female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes to leave a bed net-protected blood host was examined. Methods Two small-scale mesocosm experiments were conducted using female mosquitoes starved for 0, 24 or 48 h, that were released inside a specially constructed hut with mesh-sealed exits and containing a bed net-protected human volunteer. Floral cues were positioned on one side of the hut or the other. Several biologically plausible exponential decay models were developed that characterized the emigration rates of mosquitoes from the huts. These varied from simple random loss to leaving rates dependent upon energy state and time. These model fits were evaluated by examining their fitted parameter estimates and comparing Akaike information criterion. Results Starved mosquitoes left domiciles at a higher rate than recently fed individuals however, there was no difference between 1- and 2-day-starved mosquitoes. There was also no effect of floral cue placement. The best fitting emigration model was one based on both mosquito energy state and time whereas the worst fitting model was one based on the assumption of constant leaving rates, independent of time and energy state. Conclusions The results confirm that mosquito-leaving behaviour is energy-state dependent, and provide some of the first evidence of state-dependent domicile emigration in An. gambiae, which may play a role in malarial transmission dynamics. Employment of simple, first-principle, mechanistic models can be very useful to our understanding of why and how mosquitoes leave domiciles. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Simon P. W. Zappia Alex M. Chubaty Bernard D. Roitberg |
author_facet |
Simon P. W. Zappia Alex M. Chubaty Bernard D. Roitberg |
author_sort |
Simon P. W. Zappia |
title |
State-dependent domicile leaving rates in Anopheles gambiae |
title_short |
State-dependent domicile leaving rates in Anopheles gambiae |
title_full |
State-dependent domicile leaving rates in Anopheles gambiae |
title_fullStr |
State-dependent domicile leaving rates in Anopheles gambiae |
title_full_unstemmed |
State-dependent domicile leaving rates in Anopheles gambiae |
title_sort |
state-dependent domicile leaving rates in anopheles gambiae |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-2166-4 https://doaj.org/article/baa31477eaa54ead862c102e91db30fb |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2018) |
op_relation |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-017-2166-4 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-017-2166-4 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/baa31477eaa54ead862c102e91db30fb |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-2166-4 |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
container_volume |
17 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766346024359559168 |