Descriptive analysis of a tuberculosis outbreak from a northern Saskatchewan First Nations community—December 2018 to May 2019
Background: The tuberculosis (TB) incidence rate for northern Saskatchewan First Nations on-reserve is 1.5 higher than the national average. In December 2018 a member of one of these communities was diagnosed with 4+ smear-positive TB, spurring an outbreak investigation. Objectives: To describe the...
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Public Health Agency of Canada
2021
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:ba620c1e9f6c4ccdaacf93db8cef7d92 2023-05-15T16:15:23+02:00 Descriptive analysis of a tuberculosis outbreak from a northern Saskatchewan First Nations community—December 2018 to May 2019 Nnamdi Ndubuka Braeden Klaver Sabyasachi Gupta Shree Lamichhane Leslie Brooks Shirley Nelson Grace Akinjobi 2021-11-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v47i11a07 https://doaj.org/article/ba620c1e9f6c4ccdaacf93db8cef7d92 EN FR eng fre Public Health Agency of Canada https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/reports-publications/canada-communicable-disease-report-ccdr/monthly-issue/2021-47/issue-11-november-2021/analysis-tuberculosis-outbreak-northern-saskatchewan-first-nation-community-december-2018-may-2019.html https://doaj.org/toc/1481-8531 doi:10.14745/ccdr.v47i11a07 1481-8531 https://doaj.org/article/ba620c1e9f6c4ccdaacf93db8cef7d92 Canada Communicable Disease Report, Vol 47, Iss 11, Pp 479-484 (2021) tuberculosis outbreak investigation first nations indigenous community saskatchewan reserve social network analysis case finding Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v47i11a07 2022-12-31T14:17:01Z Background: The tuberculosis (TB) incidence rate for northern Saskatchewan First Nations on-reserve is 1.5 higher than the national average. In December 2018 a member of one of these communities was diagnosed with 4+ smear-positive TB, spurring an outbreak investigation. Objectives: To describe the public health response to TB outbreak investigation and highlight the risk factors associated with TB transmission in northern Saskatchewan; and to highlight the relevance of social network contact investigation tool in outbreak management. Methods: Descriptive analysis included active TB cases and latent TB infection (LTBI) cases linked by contact investigation to the index case. Data were collected from active TB case files. Statistical analyses were performed and social network analysis conducted using household locations as points of contact between cases. Results: A total of eight active TB cases and 41 LTBI cases were identified as part of the outbreak between December 2018 and May 2019. Half of the cases (4/8) were 25 to 34 years old, and five were smear negative. One-third of the people with LTBI were 15 to 24 years old, and about a half tested positive to the new tuberculin skin test (TST). The commonly reported risk factors for TB and LTBI cases were alcohol use, cigarette use, marijuana use, previous TB infection and homelessness. Social network analysis indicated a relationship between increased node centrality and becoming an active case. Conclusion: Real-time social network contact investigation used in active-case finding was very successful in identifying cases, and enhanced nursing support, mobile clinics and mobile X-ray worked well as a means of confirming cases and offering treatment. TB outbreaks in northern Saskatchewan First Nations on-reserve communities are facilitated by population-specific factors. Efforts to implement context-specific interventions are paramount in managing TB outbreaks and preventing future transmission. Article in Journal/Newspaper First Nations Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Canada Communicable Disease Report 47 11 479 484 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English French |
topic |
tuberculosis outbreak investigation first nations indigenous community saskatchewan reserve social network analysis case finding Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
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tuberculosis outbreak investigation first nations indigenous community saskatchewan reserve social network analysis case finding Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Nnamdi Ndubuka Braeden Klaver Sabyasachi Gupta Shree Lamichhane Leslie Brooks Shirley Nelson Grace Akinjobi Descriptive analysis of a tuberculosis outbreak from a northern Saskatchewan First Nations community—December 2018 to May 2019 |
topic_facet |
tuberculosis outbreak investigation first nations indigenous community saskatchewan reserve social network analysis case finding Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Background: The tuberculosis (TB) incidence rate for northern Saskatchewan First Nations on-reserve is 1.5 higher than the national average. In December 2018 a member of one of these communities was diagnosed with 4+ smear-positive TB, spurring an outbreak investigation. Objectives: To describe the public health response to TB outbreak investigation and highlight the risk factors associated with TB transmission in northern Saskatchewan; and to highlight the relevance of social network contact investigation tool in outbreak management. Methods: Descriptive analysis included active TB cases and latent TB infection (LTBI) cases linked by contact investigation to the index case. Data were collected from active TB case files. Statistical analyses were performed and social network analysis conducted using household locations as points of contact between cases. Results: A total of eight active TB cases and 41 LTBI cases were identified as part of the outbreak between December 2018 and May 2019. Half of the cases (4/8) were 25 to 34 years old, and five were smear negative. One-third of the people with LTBI were 15 to 24 years old, and about a half tested positive to the new tuberculin skin test (TST). The commonly reported risk factors for TB and LTBI cases were alcohol use, cigarette use, marijuana use, previous TB infection and homelessness. Social network analysis indicated a relationship between increased node centrality and becoming an active case. Conclusion: Real-time social network contact investigation used in active-case finding was very successful in identifying cases, and enhanced nursing support, mobile clinics and mobile X-ray worked well as a means of confirming cases and offering treatment. TB outbreaks in northern Saskatchewan First Nations on-reserve communities are facilitated by population-specific factors. Efforts to implement context-specific interventions are paramount in managing TB outbreaks and preventing future transmission. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Nnamdi Ndubuka Braeden Klaver Sabyasachi Gupta Shree Lamichhane Leslie Brooks Shirley Nelson Grace Akinjobi |
author_facet |
Nnamdi Ndubuka Braeden Klaver Sabyasachi Gupta Shree Lamichhane Leslie Brooks Shirley Nelson Grace Akinjobi |
author_sort |
Nnamdi Ndubuka |
title |
Descriptive analysis of a tuberculosis outbreak from a northern Saskatchewan First Nations community—December 2018 to May 2019 |
title_short |
Descriptive analysis of a tuberculosis outbreak from a northern Saskatchewan First Nations community—December 2018 to May 2019 |
title_full |
Descriptive analysis of a tuberculosis outbreak from a northern Saskatchewan First Nations community—December 2018 to May 2019 |
title_fullStr |
Descriptive analysis of a tuberculosis outbreak from a northern Saskatchewan First Nations community—December 2018 to May 2019 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Descriptive analysis of a tuberculosis outbreak from a northern Saskatchewan First Nations community—December 2018 to May 2019 |
title_sort |
descriptive analysis of a tuberculosis outbreak from a northern saskatchewan first nations community—december 2018 to may 2019 |
publisher |
Public Health Agency of Canada |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v47i11a07 https://doaj.org/article/ba620c1e9f6c4ccdaacf93db8cef7d92 |
genre |
First Nations |
genre_facet |
First Nations |
op_source |
Canada Communicable Disease Report, Vol 47, Iss 11, Pp 479-484 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/reports-publications/canada-communicable-disease-report-ccdr/monthly-issue/2021-47/issue-11-november-2021/analysis-tuberculosis-outbreak-northern-saskatchewan-first-nation-community-december-2018-may-2019.html https://doaj.org/toc/1481-8531 doi:10.14745/ccdr.v47i11a07 1481-8531 https://doaj.org/article/ba620c1e9f6c4ccdaacf93db8cef7d92 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v47i11a07 |
container_title |
Canada Communicable Disease Report |
container_volume |
47 |
container_issue |
11 |
container_start_page |
479 |
op_container_end_page |
484 |
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1766001126198476800 |