Why Corals Care About Ocean Acidification: Uncovering the Mechanism
Stony corals build hard skeletons of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) by combining calcium with carbonate ions derived, ultimately, from seawater. The concentration of carbonate ions relative to other carbonate species in seawater is rather low, so corals expend energy to raise the pH of seawater sequester...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:ba5bce5601ef45f1a8c4cfba50e7b7a6 2023-05-15T17:49:37+02:00 Why Corals Care About Ocean Acidification: Uncovering the Mechanism Anne L. Cohen Michael Holcomb 2009-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doaj.org/article/ba5bce5601ef45f1a8c4cfba50e7b7a6 EN eng The Oceanography Society http://tos.org/oceanography/issues/issue_archive/issue_pdfs/22_4/22-4_cohen.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1042-8275 1042-8275 https://doaj.org/article/ba5bce5601ef45f1a8c4cfba50e7b7a6 Oceanography, Vol 22, Iss 4, Pp 118-127 (2009) ocean acidification corals pH of seawater acidified seawater climate change global warming Oceanography GC1-1581 article 2009 ftdoajarticles 2022-12-31T01:45:46Z Stony corals build hard skeletons of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) by combining calcium with carbonate ions derived, ultimately, from seawater. The concentration of carbonate ions relative to other carbonate species in seawater is rather low, so corals expend energy to raise the pH of seawater sequestered in an isolated, extra-cellular compartment where crystal growth occurs. This action converts plentiful bicarbonate ions to the carbonate ions required for calcification, allowing corals to produce CaCO3 about 100 times faster than it could otherwise form. It is this rapid and efficient production of CaCO3 crystals that enables corals to build coral reefs. Ocean acidification reduces the pH and thus the abundance of carbonate ions in seawater. Corals living in acidified seawater continue to produce CaCO3 and expend as much energy as their counterparts in normal seawater to raise the pH of the calcifying fluid. However, in acidified seawater, corals are unable to elevate the concentration of carbonate ions to the level required for normal skeletal growth. In several experiments, we found that boosting the energetic status of corals by enhanced heterotrophic feeding or moderate increases in inorganic nutrients helped to offset the negative impact of ocean acidification. However, this built-in defense is unlikely to benefit corals as levels of CO2 in the atmosphere continue to rise. Most climate models predict that the availability of inorganic nutrients and plankton in the surface waters where corals live will decrease as a consequence of global warming. Thus, corals and coral reefs may be significantly more vulnerable to ocean acidification than previously thought. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ocean acidification corals pH of seawater acidified seawater climate change global warming Oceanography GC1-1581 |
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ocean acidification corals pH of seawater acidified seawater climate change global warming Oceanography GC1-1581 Anne L. Cohen Michael Holcomb Why Corals Care About Ocean Acidification: Uncovering the Mechanism |
topic_facet |
ocean acidification corals pH of seawater acidified seawater climate change global warming Oceanography GC1-1581 |
description |
Stony corals build hard skeletons of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) by combining calcium with carbonate ions derived, ultimately, from seawater. The concentration of carbonate ions relative to other carbonate species in seawater is rather low, so corals expend energy to raise the pH of seawater sequestered in an isolated, extra-cellular compartment where crystal growth occurs. This action converts plentiful bicarbonate ions to the carbonate ions required for calcification, allowing corals to produce CaCO3 about 100 times faster than it could otherwise form. It is this rapid and efficient production of CaCO3 crystals that enables corals to build coral reefs. Ocean acidification reduces the pH and thus the abundance of carbonate ions in seawater. Corals living in acidified seawater continue to produce CaCO3 and expend as much energy as their counterparts in normal seawater to raise the pH of the calcifying fluid. However, in acidified seawater, corals are unable to elevate the concentration of carbonate ions to the level required for normal skeletal growth. In several experiments, we found that boosting the energetic status of corals by enhanced heterotrophic feeding or moderate increases in inorganic nutrients helped to offset the negative impact of ocean acidification. However, this built-in defense is unlikely to benefit corals as levels of CO2 in the atmosphere continue to rise. Most climate models predict that the availability of inorganic nutrients and plankton in the surface waters where corals live will decrease as a consequence of global warming. Thus, corals and coral reefs may be significantly more vulnerable to ocean acidification than previously thought. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Anne L. Cohen Michael Holcomb |
author_facet |
Anne L. Cohen Michael Holcomb |
author_sort |
Anne L. Cohen |
title |
Why Corals Care About Ocean Acidification: Uncovering the Mechanism |
title_short |
Why Corals Care About Ocean Acidification: Uncovering the Mechanism |
title_full |
Why Corals Care About Ocean Acidification: Uncovering the Mechanism |
title_fullStr |
Why Corals Care About Ocean Acidification: Uncovering the Mechanism |
title_full_unstemmed |
Why Corals Care About Ocean Acidification: Uncovering the Mechanism |
title_sort |
why corals care about ocean acidification: uncovering the mechanism |
publisher |
The Oceanography Society |
publishDate |
2009 |
url |
https://doaj.org/article/ba5bce5601ef45f1a8c4cfba50e7b7a6 |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_source |
Oceanography, Vol 22, Iss 4, Pp 118-127 (2009) |
op_relation |
http://tos.org/oceanography/issues/issue_archive/issue_pdfs/22_4/22-4_cohen.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1042-8275 1042-8275 https://doaj.org/article/ba5bce5601ef45f1a8c4cfba50e7b7a6 |
_version_ |
1766156006254968832 |