North American cold events following sudden stratospheric warming in the presence of low Barents-Kara Sea sea ice

• Published in: Environmental Research Letters
• Main Authors: Pengfei Zhang, Yutian Wu, Gang Chen, Yueyue Yu
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: IOP Publishing 2020
• Subjects: sudden stratospheric warming; Barents-Kara Sea sea ice; North American cold events; Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering; TD1-1066; Environmental sciences; GE1-350; Science; Q; Physics; QC1-999; Arctic; Bering Sea; Canada; Gulf of Alaska; Kara Sea; Sea ice; Alaska
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abc215; https://doaj.org/article/ba386ac9ceff4d53a79e6d4b2e0d258b

While the relationship between the Arctic sea ice loss and midlatitude winter climate has been well discussed, especially on the seasonal mean scale, it remains unclear whether the Arctic sea ice condition affects the predictability of North American cold weather on the subseasonal time scale. Here we find that, in the presence of low Barents-Kara Sea (BKS) sea ice, sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) can favor surface cold spells over North America at the subseasonal timescale based on observations and model experiments. A persistent ridge of wave-2 pattern emerges over the Bering Sea-Gulf of Alaska several weeks after the SSW onset, with a coherent structure from the stratosphere to the surface, which, in turn, is conducive to synoptic cold air outbreaks in Canada and midwestern USA. This highlights a planetary wave pathway relating to BKS sea ice changes, by which the stratospheric polar vortex impacts the regional surface temperature on the subseasonal scale. In contrast, this mechanism does not occur with positive BKS sea ice anomaly. These findings help to improve the subseasonal predictability over North America, especially under the background of rapid change of Arctic sea ice in a warming world.