Advances in altimetric snow depth estimates using bi-frequency SARAL and CryoSat-2 Ka–Ku measurements
Although snow depth on sea ice is a key parameter for sea ice thickness (SIT) retrieval, there currently does not exist reliable estimations. In the Arctic, nearly all SIT products use a snow depth climatology (the modified Warren-99 climatology, W99m) constructed from in situ data obtained prior to...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:b9b00639d0534850a377cf0fea046321 2023-05-15T13:46:10+02:00 Advances in altimetric snow depth estimates using bi-frequency SARAL and CryoSat-2 Ka–Ku measurements F. Garnier S. Fleury G. Garric J. Bouffard M. Tsamados A. Laforge M. Bocquet R. M. Fredensborg Hansen F. Remy 2021-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5483-2021 https://doaj.org/article/b9b00639d0534850a377cf0fea046321 EN eng Copernicus Publications https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/15/5483/2021/tc-15-5483-2021.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-15-5483-2021 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://doaj.org/article/b9b00639d0534850a377cf0fea046321 The Cryosphere, Vol 15, Pp 5483-5512 (2021) Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5483-2021 2022-12-31T05:44:37Z Although snow depth on sea ice is a key parameter for sea ice thickness (SIT) retrieval, there currently does not exist reliable estimations. In the Arctic, nearly all SIT products use a snow depth climatology (the modified Warren-99 climatology, W99m) constructed from in situ data obtained prior to the first significant impacts of climate change. In the Antarctic, the lack of information on snow depth remains a major obstacle in the development of reliable SIT products. In this study, we present the latest version of the altimetric snow depth (ASD) product computed over both hemispheres from the difference of the radar penetration into the snow pack between the Ka-band frequency SARAL/Altika and the Ku-band frequency CryoSat-2. The ASD solution is compared against a wide range of snow depth products including model data (Pan-Arctic Ice-Ocean Modelling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS) or its equivalent in the Antarctic the Global Ice-Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (GIOMAS), the MERCATOR model, and NASA's Eulerian Snow On Sea Ice Model (NESOSIM, only in the Arctic)), the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-2 (AMSR2) passive radiometer data, and the Dual-altimeter Snow Thickness (DuST) Ka–Ku product (only in the Arctic). The ASD product is further validated in the Arctic against the ice mass balance (IMB) buoys, the CryoSat Validation Experiment (CryoVEx) and Operation Ice Bridge's (OIB) airborne measurements. These comparisons demonstrate that ASD is a relevant snow depth solution, with spatiotemporal patterns consistent with those of the alternative Ka–Ku DuST product but with a mean bias of about 6.5 cm. We also demonstrate that ASD is consistent with the validation data: comparisons with OIB's airborne snow radar in the Arctic during the period of 2014–2018 show a correlation of 0.66 and a RMSE of about 6 cm. Furthermore, a first-guess monthly climatology has been constructed in the Arctic from the ASD product, which shows a good agreement with OIB during 2009–2012. This climatology is shown to ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Climate change CryoSat Validation Experiment Sea ice The Cryosphere Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Antarctic The Antarctic The Cryosphere 15 12 5483 5512 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 F. Garnier S. Fleury G. Garric J. Bouffard M. Tsamados A. Laforge M. Bocquet R. M. Fredensborg Hansen F. Remy Advances in altimetric snow depth estimates using bi-frequency SARAL and CryoSat-2 Ka–Ku measurements |
topic_facet |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
Although snow depth on sea ice is a key parameter for sea ice thickness (SIT) retrieval, there currently does not exist reliable estimations. In the Arctic, nearly all SIT products use a snow depth climatology (the modified Warren-99 climatology, W99m) constructed from in situ data obtained prior to the first significant impacts of climate change. In the Antarctic, the lack of information on snow depth remains a major obstacle in the development of reliable SIT products. In this study, we present the latest version of the altimetric snow depth (ASD) product computed over both hemispheres from the difference of the radar penetration into the snow pack between the Ka-band frequency SARAL/Altika and the Ku-band frequency CryoSat-2. The ASD solution is compared against a wide range of snow depth products including model data (Pan-Arctic Ice-Ocean Modelling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS) or its equivalent in the Antarctic the Global Ice-Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (GIOMAS), the MERCATOR model, and NASA's Eulerian Snow On Sea Ice Model (NESOSIM, only in the Arctic)), the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-2 (AMSR2) passive radiometer data, and the Dual-altimeter Snow Thickness (DuST) Ka–Ku product (only in the Arctic). The ASD product is further validated in the Arctic against the ice mass balance (IMB) buoys, the CryoSat Validation Experiment (CryoVEx) and Operation Ice Bridge's (OIB) airborne measurements. These comparisons demonstrate that ASD is a relevant snow depth solution, with spatiotemporal patterns consistent with those of the alternative Ka–Ku DuST product but with a mean bias of about 6.5 cm. We also demonstrate that ASD is consistent with the validation data: comparisons with OIB's airborne snow radar in the Arctic during the period of 2014–2018 show a correlation of 0.66 and a RMSE of about 6 cm. Furthermore, a first-guess monthly climatology has been constructed in the Arctic from the ASD product, which shows a good agreement with OIB during 2009–2012. This climatology is shown to ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
F. Garnier S. Fleury G. Garric J. Bouffard M. Tsamados A. Laforge M. Bocquet R. M. Fredensborg Hansen F. Remy |
author_facet |
F. Garnier S. Fleury G. Garric J. Bouffard M. Tsamados A. Laforge M. Bocquet R. M. Fredensborg Hansen F. Remy |
author_sort |
F. Garnier |
title |
Advances in altimetric snow depth estimates using bi-frequency SARAL and CryoSat-2 Ka–Ku measurements |
title_short |
Advances in altimetric snow depth estimates using bi-frequency SARAL and CryoSat-2 Ka–Ku measurements |
title_full |
Advances in altimetric snow depth estimates using bi-frequency SARAL and CryoSat-2 Ka–Ku measurements |
title_fullStr |
Advances in altimetric snow depth estimates using bi-frequency SARAL and CryoSat-2 Ka–Ku measurements |
title_full_unstemmed |
Advances in altimetric snow depth estimates using bi-frequency SARAL and CryoSat-2 Ka–Ku measurements |
title_sort |
advances in altimetric snow depth estimates using bi-frequency saral and cryosat-2 ka–ku measurements |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5483-2021 https://doaj.org/article/b9b00639d0534850a377cf0fea046321 |
geographic |
Arctic Antarctic The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Antarctic The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Climate change CryoSat Validation Experiment Sea ice The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Climate change CryoSat Validation Experiment Sea ice The Cryosphere |
op_source |
The Cryosphere, Vol 15, Pp 5483-5512 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/15/5483/2021/tc-15-5483-2021.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-15-5483-2021 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://doaj.org/article/b9b00639d0534850a377cf0fea046321 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5483-2021 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
5483 |
op_container_end_page |
5512 |
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1766237951594856448 |