Diagnostic accuracy of antigen detection in urine and molecular assays testing in different clinical samples for the diagnosis of progressive disseminated histoplasmosis in patients living with HIV/AIDS: A prospective multicenter study in Mexico.

• Published in: PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
• Main Authors: Areli Martínez-Gamboa, María Dolores Niembro-Ortega, Pedro Torres-González, Janeth Santiago-Cruz, Nancy Guadalupe Velázquez-Zavala, Andrea Rangel-Cordero, Brenda Crabtree-Ramírez, Armando Gamboa-Domínguez, Edgardo Reyes-Gutiérrez, Gustavo Reyes-Terán, Víctor Hugo Lozano-Fernandez, Víctor Hugo Ahumada-Topete, Pedro Martínez-Ayala, Marisol Manríquez-Reyes, Juan Pablo Ramírez-Hinojosa, Patricia Rodríguez-Zulueta, Christian Hernández-León, Jesús Ruíz-Quiñones, Norma Eréndira Rivera-Martínez, Alberto Chaparro-Sánchez, Jaime Andrade-Villanueva, Luz Alicia González-Hernández, Sofia Cruz-Martínez, Oscar Flores-Barrientos, Jesús Enrique Gaytán-Martínez, Martín Magaña-Aquino, Axel Cervantes-Sánchez, Antonio Olivas-Martínez, Javier Araujo-Meléndez, María Del Rocío Reyes-Montes, Esperanza Duarte-Escalante, María Guadalupe Frías-De León, José Antonio Ramírez, María Lucia Taylor, Alfredo Ponce de León-Garduño, José Sifuentes-Osornio
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
• Subjects: Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine; RC955-962; Public aspects of medicine; RA1-1270; Arctic; Eia
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009215; https://doaj.org/article/b93579871f1a49d1a1f7166df3e2a1d2

Background The progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH) has been associated with severe disease and high risk of death among people living with HIV (PLWHIV). Therefore, the purpose of this multicenter, prospective, double-blinded study done in ten Mexican hospitals was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of detecting Histoplasma capsulatum antigen in urine using the IMMY ALPHA Histoplasma EIA kit (IAHE), clarus Histoplasma GM Enzyme Immunoassay (cHGEI IMMY) and MiraVista Histoplasma Urine Antigen LFA (MVHUALFA); as well as the Hcp100 and 1281-1283220SCAR nested PCRs in blood, bone-marrow, tissue biopsies and urine. Methodology/principal findings We included 415 PLWHIV older than 18 years of age with suspicion of PDH. Using as diagnostic standard recovery of H. capsulatum in blood, bone marrow or tissue cultures, or histopathological exam compatible, detected 108 patients (26%, [95%CI, 21.78-30.22]) with proven-PDH. We analyzed 391 urine samples by the IAHE, cHGEI IMMY and MVHUALFA; the sensitivity/specificity values obtained were 67.3% (95% CI, 57.4-76.2) / 96.2% (95% CI, 93.2-98.0) for IAHE, 91.3% (95% CI, 84.2-96.0) / 90.9% (95% CI, 87.0-94.0) for cHGEI IMMY and 90.4% (95% CI, 83.0-95.3) / 92.3% (95% CI, 88.6-95.1) for MVHUALFA. The Hcp100 nested PCR was performed on 393, 343, 75 and 297, blood, bone marrow, tissue and urine samples respectively; the sensitivity/specificity values obtained were 62.9% (95%CI, 53.3-72.5)/ 89.5% (95%CI, 86.0-93.0), 65.9% (95%CI, 56.0-75.8)/ 89.0% (95%CI, 85.2-92.9), 62.1% (95%CI, 44.4-79.7)/ 82.6% (95%CI, 71.7-93.6) and 34.9% (95%CI, 24.8-46.2)/ 67.3% (95%CI, 60.6-73.5) respectively; and 1281-1283220SCAR nested PCR was performed on 392, 344, 75 and 291, respectively; the sensitivity/specificity values obtained were 65.3% (95% CI, 55.9-74.7)/ 58.8% (95%CI, 53.2-64.5), 70.8% (95%CI, 61.3-80.2)/ 52.9% (95%CI, 46.8-59.1), 71.4% (95%CI, 54.7-88.2)/ 40.4% (95%CI, 26.4-54.5) and 18.1% (95%CI, 10.5-28.1)/ 90.4% (95%CI, 85.5-94.0), respectively. Conclusions/significance The cHGEI ...