PIC v1.3: comprehensive R package for computing permafrost indices with daily weather observations and atmospheric forcing over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
An R package was developed for computing permafrost indices (PIC v1.3) that integrates meteorological observations, gridded meteorological datasets, soil databases, and field measurements to compute the factors or indices of permafrost and seasonal frozen soil. At present, 16 temperature- and depth-...
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Copernicus Publications
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:b89e63c9d3404a3da58487eba865bc2e 2023-05-15T13:03:12+02:00 PIC v1.3: comprehensive R package for computing permafrost indices with daily weather observations and atmospheric forcing over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau L. Luo Z. Zhang W. Ma S. Yi Y. Zhuang 2018-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2475-2018 https://doaj.org/article/b89e63c9d3404a3da58487eba865bc2e EN eng Copernicus Publications https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/11/2475/2018/gmd-11-2475-2018.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1991-959X https://doaj.org/toc/1991-9603 doi:10.5194/gmd-11-2475-2018 1991-959X 1991-9603 https://doaj.org/article/b89e63c9d3404a3da58487eba865bc2e Geoscientific Model Development, Vol 11, Pp 2475-2491 (2018) Geology QE1-996.5 article 2018 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2475-2018 2022-12-31T01:41:13Z An R package was developed for computing permafrost indices (PIC v1.3) that integrates meteorological observations, gridded meteorological datasets, soil databases, and field measurements to compute the factors or indices of permafrost and seasonal frozen soil. At present, 16 temperature- and depth-related indices are integrated into the PIC v1.3 R package to estimate the possible trends of frozen soil in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP). These indices include the mean annual air temperature (MAAT), mean annual ground surface temperature (MAGST), mean annual ground temperature (MAGT), seasonal thawing–freezing n factor ( n t ∕ n f ), thawing–freezing degree-days for air and the ground surface (DDT a ∕DDT s ∕DDF a ∕DDF s ), temperature at the top of the permafrost (TTOP), active layer thickness (ALT), and maximum seasonal freeze depth. PIC v1.3 supports two computational modes, namely the stations and regional calculations that enable statistical analysis and intuitive visualization of the time series and spatial simulations. Datasets of 52 weather stations and a central region of the QTP were prepared and simulated to evaluate the temporal–spatial trends of permafrost with the climate. More than 10 statistical methods and a sequential Mann–Kendall trend test were adopted to evaluate these indices in stations, and spatial methods were adopted to assess the spatial trends. Multiple visual methods were used to display the temporal and spatial variability of the stations and region. Simulation results show extensive permafrost degradation in the QTP, and the temporal–spatial trends of the permafrost conditions in the QTP are close to those of previous studies. The transparency and repeatability of the PIC v1.3 package and its data can be used and extended to assess the impact of climate change on permafrost. Article in Journal/Newspaper Active layer thickness permafrost Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Kendall ENVELOPE(-59.828,-59.828,-63.497,-63.497) Geoscientific Model Development 11 6 2475 2491 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
Geology QE1-996.5 L. Luo Z. Zhang W. Ma S. Yi Y. Zhuang PIC v1.3: comprehensive R package for computing permafrost indices with daily weather observations and atmospheric forcing over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau |
topic_facet |
Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
An R package was developed for computing permafrost indices (PIC v1.3) that integrates meteorological observations, gridded meteorological datasets, soil databases, and field measurements to compute the factors or indices of permafrost and seasonal frozen soil. At present, 16 temperature- and depth-related indices are integrated into the PIC v1.3 R package to estimate the possible trends of frozen soil in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP). These indices include the mean annual air temperature (MAAT), mean annual ground surface temperature (MAGST), mean annual ground temperature (MAGT), seasonal thawing–freezing n factor ( n t ∕ n f ), thawing–freezing degree-days for air and the ground surface (DDT a ∕DDT s ∕DDF a ∕DDF s ), temperature at the top of the permafrost (TTOP), active layer thickness (ALT), and maximum seasonal freeze depth. PIC v1.3 supports two computational modes, namely the stations and regional calculations that enable statistical analysis and intuitive visualization of the time series and spatial simulations. Datasets of 52 weather stations and a central region of the QTP were prepared and simulated to evaluate the temporal–spatial trends of permafrost with the climate. More than 10 statistical methods and a sequential Mann–Kendall trend test were adopted to evaluate these indices in stations, and spatial methods were adopted to assess the spatial trends. Multiple visual methods were used to display the temporal and spatial variability of the stations and region. Simulation results show extensive permafrost degradation in the QTP, and the temporal–spatial trends of the permafrost conditions in the QTP are close to those of previous studies. The transparency and repeatability of the PIC v1.3 package and its data can be used and extended to assess the impact of climate change on permafrost. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
L. Luo Z. Zhang W. Ma S. Yi Y. Zhuang |
author_facet |
L. Luo Z. Zhang W. Ma S. Yi Y. Zhuang |
author_sort |
L. Luo |
title |
PIC v1.3: comprehensive R package for computing permafrost indices with daily weather observations and atmospheric forcing over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau |
title_short |
PIC v1.3: comprehensive R package for computing permafrost indices with daily weather observations and atmospheric forcing over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau |
title_full |
PIC v1.3: comprehensive R package for computing permafrost indices with daily weather observations and atmospheric forcing over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau |
title_fullStr |
PIC v1.3: comprehensive R package for computing permafrost indices with daily weather observations and atmospheric forcing over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau |
title_full_unstemmed |
PIC v1.3: comprehensive R package for computing permafrost indices with daily weather observations and atmospheric forcing over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau |
title_sort |
pic v1.3: comprehensive r package for computing permafrost indices with daily weather observations and atmospheric forcing over the qinghai–tibet plateau |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2475-2018 https://doaj.org/article/b89e63c9d3404a3da58487eba865bc2e |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-59.828,-59.828,-63.497,-63.497) |
geographic |
Kendall |
geographic_facet |
Kendall |
genre |
Active layer thickness permafrost |
genre_facet |
Active layer thickness permafrost |
op_source |
Geoscientific Model Development, Vol 11, Pp 2475-2491 (2018) |
op_relation |
https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/11/2475/2018/gmd-11-2475-2018.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1991-959X https://doaj.org/toc/1991-9603 doi:10.5194/gmd-11-2475-2018 1991-959X 1991-9603 https://doaj.org/article/b89e63c9d3404a3da58487eba865bc2e |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2475-2018 |
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Geoscientific Model Development |
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11 |
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6 |
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2475 |
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2491 |
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