Novel vaccines to human rabies.
Rabies, the most fatal of all infectious diseases, remains a major public health problem in developing countries, claiming the lives of an estimated 55,000 people each year. Most fatal rabies cases, with more than half of them in children, result from dog bites and occur among low-income families in...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:b85ea4b9f80b4431bf0e398d21ace912 2023-05-15T15:13:37+02:00 Novel vaccines to human rabies. Hildegund C J Ertl 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000515 https://doaj.org/article/b85ea4b9f80b4431bf0e398d21ace912 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2742899?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000515 https://doaj.org/article/b85ea4b9f80b4431bf0e398d21ace912 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 3, Iss 9, p e515 (2009) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2009 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000515 2022-12-31T00:20:17Z Rabies, the most fatal of all infectious diseases, remains a major public health problem in developing countries, claiming the lives of an estimated 55,000 people each year. Most fatal rabies cases, with more than half of them in children, result from dog bites and occur among low-income families in Southeast Asia and Africa. Safe and efficacious vaccines are available to prevent rabies. However, they have to be given repeatedly, three times for pre-exposure vaccination and four to five times for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). In cases of severe exposure, a regimen of vaccine combined with a rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) preparation is required. The high incidence of fatal rabies is linked to a lack of knowledge on the appropriate treatment of bite wounds, lack of access to costly PEP, and failure to follow up with repeat immunizations. New, more immunogenic but less costly rabies virus vaccines are needed to reduce the toll of rabies on human lives. A preventative vaccine used for the immunization of children, especially those in high incidence countries, would be expected to lower fatality rates. Such a vaccine would have to be inexpensive, safe, and provide sustained protection, preferably after a single dose. Novel regimens are also needed for PEP to reduce the need for the already scarce and costly RIG and to reduce the number of vaccine doses to one or two. In this review, the pipeline of new rabies vaccines that are in pre-clinical testing is provided and an opinion on those that might be best suited as potential replacements for the currently used vaccines is offered. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 3 9 e515 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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English |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Hildegund C J Ertl Novel vaccines to human rabies. |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Rabies, the most fatal of all infectious diseases, remains a major public health problem in developing countries, claiming the lives of an estimated 55,000 people each year. Most fatal rabies cases, with more than half of them in children, result from dog bites and occur among low-income families in Southeast Asia and Africa. Safe and efficacious vaccines are available to prevent rabies. However, they have to be given repeatedly, three times for pre-exposure vaccination and four to five times for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). In cases of severe exposure, a regimen of vaccine combined with a rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) preparation is required. The high incidence of fatal rabies is linked to a lack of knowledge on the appropriate treatment of bite wounds, lack of access to costly PEP, and failure to follow up with repeat immunizations. New, more immunogenic but less costly rabies virus vaccines are needed to reduce the toll of rabies on human lives. A preventative vaccine used for the immunization of children, especially those in high incidence countries, would be expected to lower fatality rates. Such a vaccine would have to be inexpensive, safe, and provide sustained protection, preferably after a single dose. Novel regimens are also needed for PEP to reduce the need for the already scarce and costly RIG and to reduce the number of vaccine doses to one or two. In this review, the pipeline of new rabies vaccines that are in pre-clinical testing is provided and an opinion on those that might be best suited as potential replacements for the currently used vaccines is offered. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hildegund C J Ertl |
author_facet |
Hildegund C J Ertl |
author_sort |
Hildegund C J Ertl |
title |
Novel vaccines to human rabies. |
title_short |
Novel vaccines to human rabies. |
title_full |
Novel vaccines to human rabies. |
title_fullStr |
Novel vaccines to human rabies. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Novel vaccines to human rabies. |
title_sort |
novel vaccines to human rabies. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2009 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000515 https://doaj.org/article/b85ea4b9f80b4431bf0e398d21ace912 |
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Arctic |
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Arctic |
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Arctic |
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Arctic |
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PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 3, Iss 9, p e515 (2009) |
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http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2742899?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000515 https://doaj.org/article/b85ea4b9f80b4431bf0e398d21ace912 |
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000515 |
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PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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