Systematic sampling of adults as a sensitive means of detecting persistence of lymphatic filariasis following mass drug administration in Sri Lanka.
Background Sri Lanka's Anti-Filariasis Campaign conducted 5 annual rounds of mass drug administration (MDA) with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) plus albendazole to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF) in all endemic districts between 2002 and 2006. Post-MDA surveillance has consistently documented Wuc...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:b8590ca3b62d43e68ef1671adb1262b1 2023-05-15T15:18:19+02:00 Systematic sampling of adults as a sensitive means of detecting persistence of lymphatic filariasis following mass drug administration in Sri Lanka. Ramakrishna U Rao Sandhya D Samarasekera Kumara C Nagodavithana Manjula W Punchihewa Udaya S B Ranasinghe Gary J Weil 2019-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007365 https://doaj.org/article/b8590ca3b62d43e68ef1671adb1262b1 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007365 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007365 https://doaj.org/article/b8590ca3b62d43e68ef1671adb1262b1 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 13, Iss 4, p e0007365 (2019) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007365 2022-12-31T10:05:03Z Background Sri Lanka's Anti-Filariasis Campaign conducted 5 annual rounds of mass drug administration (MDA) with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) plus albendazole to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF) in all endemic districts between 2002 and 2006. Post-MDA surveillance has consistently documented Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia (Mf) rates below 1% in all sentinel and spot check sites since that time, and all implementation units easily satisfied WHO's target for school-based transmission assessment surveys (school-TAS) in 2013. However, more detailed studies have identified foci of persistent infection in the large coastal evaluation unit (EU) (population about 0.6 million) in Galle district. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity and feasibility of community-based TAS in adults (adult-TAS) and to compare results obtained by adult-TAS with prior school-TAS and molecular xenomonitoring (MX, molecular detection of filarial DNA in systematically sampled mosquitoes) results in this known problem area. Methodology and principal findings Two cluster surveys were performed in independent samples of 30 evaluation areas (EAs) in the coastal Galle EU in 2015. Each survey tested approximately 1,800 adults for circulating filarial antigenemia (CFA) with the Alere Filariasis Test Strip. The CFA prevalence for all persons tested (N = 3,612) was 1.8% (CI 1.4-2.2), and this was significantly higher than the CFA rate of 0.4% obtained by school-TAS in 2013. CFA prevalences in the two samples were similar [1.5% (CI 1.0-2.2), and 2.0% (CI 1.4-2.7)]. Antigenemia prevalence in sampled EUs was highly variable (range 0-11%), and it exceeded 5% in 6 EAs. The 30 EAs sampled in one of our adult-TAS surveys had recently been assessed for persistent filariasis by molecular xenomonitoring (MX). CFA prevalence in adults and filarial DNA prevalence in mosquitoes in these EAs were significantly correlated (r = 0.43; P = 0.02). Conclusions Community based adult-TAS provided a reproducible measure of persistent W. ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 13 4 e0007365 |
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ftdoajarticles |
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English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Ramakrishna U Rao Sandhya D Samarasekera Kumara C Nagodavithana Manjula W Punchihewa Udaya S B Ranasinghe Gary J Weil Systematic sampling of adults as a sensitive means of detecting persistence of lymphatic filariasis following mass drug administration in Sri Lanka. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Background Sri Lanka's Anti-Filariasis Campaign conducted 5 annual rounds of mass drug administration (MDA) with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) plus albendazole to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF) in all endemic districts between 2002 and 2006. Post-MDA surveillance has consistently documented Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia (Mf) rates below 1% in all sentinel and spot check sites since that time, and all implementation units easily satisfied WHO's target for school-based transmission assessment surveys (school-TAS) in 2013. However, more detailed studies have identified foci of persistent infection in the large coastal evaluation unit (EU) (population about 0.6 million) in Galle district. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity and feasibility of community-based TAS in adults (adult-TAS) and to compare results obtained by adult-TAS with prior school-TAS and molecular xenomonitoring (MX, molecular detection of filarial DNA in systematically sampled mosquitoes) results in this known problem area. Methodology and principal findings Two cluster surveys were performed in independent samples of 30 evaluation areas (EAs) in the coastal Galle EU in 2015. Each survey tested approximately 1,800 adults for circulating filarial antigenemia (CFA) with the Alere Filariasis Test Strip. The CFA prevalence for all persons tested (N = 3,612) was 1.8% (CI 1.4-2.2), and this was significantly higher than the CFA rate of 0.4% obtained by school-TAS in 2013. CFA prevalences in the two samples were similar [1.5% (CI 1.0-2.2), and 2.0% (CI 1.4-2.7)]. Antigenemia prevalence in sampled EUs was highly variable (range 0-11%), and it exceeded 5% in 6 EAs. The 30 EAs sampled in one of our adult-TAS surveys had recently been assessed for persistent filariasis by molecular xenomonitoring (MX). CFA prevalence in adults and filarial DNA prevalence in mosquitoes in these EAs were significantly correlated (r = 0.43; P = 0.02). Conclusions Community based adult-TAS provided a reproducible measure of persistent W. ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ramakrishna U Rao Sandhya D Samarasekera Kumara C Nagodavithana Manjula W Punchihewa Udaya S B Ranasinghe Gary J Weil |
author_facet |
Ramakrishna U Rao Sandhya D Samarasekera Kumara C Nagodavithana Manjula W Punchihewa Udaya S B Ranasinghe Gary J Weil |
author_sort |
Ramakrishna U Rao |
title |
Systematic sampling of adults as a sensitive means of detecting persistence of lymphatic filariasis following mass drug administration in Sri Lanka. |
title_short |
Systematic sampling of adults as a sensitive means of detecting persistence of lymphatic filariasis following mass drug administration in Sri Lanka. |
title_full |
Systematic sampling of adults as a sensitive means of detecting persistence of lymphatic filariasis following mass drug administration in Sri Lanka. |
title_fullStr |
Systematic sampling of adults as a sensitive means of detecting persistence of lymphatic filariasis following mass drug administration in Sri Lanka. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Systematic sampling of adults as a sensitive means of detecting persistence of lymphatic filariasis following mass drug administration in Sri Lanka. |
title_sort |
systematic sampling of adults as a sensitive means of detecting persistence of lymphatic filariasis following mass drug administration in sri lanka. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007365 https://doaj.org/article/b8590ca3b62d43e68ef1671adb1262b1 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 13, Iss 4, p e0007365 (2019) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007365 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007365 https://doaj.org/article/b8590ca3b62d43e68ef1671adb1262b1 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007365 |
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
e0007365 |
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1766348518008553472 |