ATG5 is instrumental in the transition from autophagy to apoptosis during the degeneration of tick salivary glands.
Female tick salivary glands undergo rapid degeneration several days post engorgement. This degeneration may be caused by the increased concentration of ecdysone in the hemolymph during the fast feeding period and both autophagy and apoptosis occur. In this work, we first proved autophagy-related gen...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:b81503a464144718ba5aef4ced80c5d7 2023-05-15T15:13:27+02:00 ATG5 is instrumental in the transition from autophagy to apoptosis during the degeneration of tick salivary glands. Yanan Wang Houshuang Zhang Li Luo Yongzhi Zhou Jie Cao Xuenan Xuan Hiroshi Suzuki Jinlin Zhou 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009074 https://doaj.org/article/b81503a464144718ba5aef4ced80c5d7 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009074 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009074 https://doaj.org/article/b81503a464144718ba5aef4ced80c5d7 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 1, p e0009074 (2021) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009074 2022-12-31T07:48:33Z Female tick salivary glands undergo rapid degeneration several days post engorgement. This degeneration may be caused by the increased concentration of ecdysone in the hemolymph during the fast feeding period and both autophagy and apoptosis occur. In this work, we first proved autophagy-related gene (ATG) and caspase gene expression peaks during degeneration of the tick salivary glands. We explored the regulatory role of Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides autophagy-related 5 (RhATG5) in the degeneration of tick salivary glands. During the fast feeding phase, RhATG5 was cleaved and both calcium concentration and the transcription of Rhcalpains increased in the salivary glands. Recombinant RhATG5 was cleaved by μ-calpain only in the presence of calcium; the mutant RhATG5191-199Δ was not cleaved. Treatment with 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) led to programmed cell death in the salivary glands of unfed ticks in vitro, RhATG8-phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was upregulated in ticks treated with low concentration of 20E. Conversely, RhATG8-PE decreased and Rhcaspase-7 increased in ticks treated with a high concentration of 20E and transformed autophagy to apoptosis. High concentrations of 20E led to the cleavage of RhATG5. Calcium concentration and expression of Rhcalpains were also upregulated in the tick salivary glands. RNA interference (RNAi) of RhATG5 in vitro inhibited both autophagy and apoptosis of the tick salivary glands. RNAi of RhATG5 in vivo significantly inhibited the normal feeding process. These results demonstrated that high concentrations of 20E led to the cleavage of RhATG5 by increasing the concentration of calcium and stimulated the transition from autophagy to apoptosis. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15 1 e0009074 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Yanan Wang Houshuang Zhang Li Luo Yongzhi Zhou Jie Cao Xuenan Xuan Hiroshi Suzuki Jinlin Zhou ATG5 is instrumental in the transition from autophagy to apoptosis during the degeneration of tick salivary glands. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Female tick salivary glands undergo rapid degeneration several days post engorgement. This degeneration may be caused by the increased concentration of ecdysone in the hemolymph during the fast feeding period and both autophagy and apoptosis occur. In this work, we first proved autophagy-related gene (ATG) and caspase gene expression peaks during degeneration of the tick salivary glands. We explored the regulatory role of Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides autophagy-related 5 (RhATG5) in the degeneration of tick salivary glands. During the fast feeding phase, RhATG5 was cleaved and both calcium concentration and the transcription of Rhcalpains increased in the salivary glands. Recombinant RhATG5 was cleaved by μ-calpain only in the presence of calcium; the mutant RhATG5191-199Δ was not cleaved. Treatment with 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) led to programmed cell death in the salivary glands of unfed ticks in vitro, RhATG8-phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was upregulated in ticks treated with low concentration of 20E. Conversely, RhATG8-PE decreased and Rhcaspase-7 increased in ticks treated with a high concentration of 20E and transformed autophagy to apoptosis. High concentrations of 20E led to the cleavage of RhATG5. Calcium concentration and expression of Rhcalpains were also upregulated in the tick salivary glands. RNA interference (RNAi) of RhATG5 in vitro inhibited both autophagy and apoptosis of the tick salivary glands. RNAi of RhATG5 in vivo significantly inhibited the normal feeding process. These results demonstrated that high concentrations of 20E led to the cleavage of RhATG5 by increasing the concentration of calcium and stimulated the transition from autophagy to apoptosis. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Yanan Wang Houshuang Zhang Li Luo Yongzhi Zhou Jie Cao Xuenan Xuan Hiroshi Suzuki Jinlin Zhou |
author_facet |
Yanan Wang Houshuang Zhang Li Luo Yongzhi Zhou Jie Cao Xuenan Xuan Hiroshi Suzuki Jinlin Zhou |
author_sort |
Yanan Wang |
title |
ATG5 is instrumental in the transition from autophagy to apoptosis during the degeneration of tick salivary glands. |
title_short |
ATG5 is instrumental in the transition from autophagy to apoptosis during the degeneration of tick salivary glands. |
title_full |
ATG5 is instrumental in the transition from autophagy to apoptosis during the degeneration of tick salivary glands. |
title_fullStr |
ATG5 is instrumental in the transition from autophagy to apoptosis during the degeneration of tick salivary glands. |
title_full_unstemmed |
ATG5 is instrumental in the transition from autophagy to apoptosis during the degeneration of tick salivary glands. |
title_sort |
atg5 is instrumental in the transition from autophagy to apoptosis during the degeneration of tick salivary glands. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009074 https://doaj.org/article/b81503a464144718ba5aef4ced80c5d7 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 1, p e0009074 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009074 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009074 https://doaj.org/article/b81503a464144718ba5aef4ced80c5d7 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009074 |
container_title |
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
e0009074 |
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1766343996463906816 |