Ocean acidification boosts reproduction in fish via indirect effects.
Ocean acidification affects species populations and biodiversity through direct negative effects on physiology and behaviour. The indirect effects of elevated CO2 are less well known and can sometimes be counterintuitive. Reproduction lies at the crux of species population replenishment, but we do n...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:b807acddc6eb47959ae039b9a7925a4d 2023-05-15T17:49:40+02:00 Ocean acidification boosts reproduction in fish via indirect effects. Ivan Nagelkerken Tiphaine Alemany Julie M Anquetin Camilo M Ferreira Kim E Ludwig Minami Sasaki Sean D Connell 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001033 https://doaj.org/article/b807acddc6eb47959ae039b9a7925a4d EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001033 https://doaj.org/toc/1544-9173 https://doaj.org/toc/1545-7885 1544-9173 1545-7885 doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3001033 https://doaj.org/article/b807acddc6eb47959ae039b9a7925a4d PLoS Biology, Vol 19, Iss 1, p e3001033 (2021) Biology (General) QH301-705.5 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001033 2022-12-31T11:48:49Z Ocean acidification affects species populations and biodiversity through direct negative effects on physiology and behaviour. The indirect effects of elevated CO2 are less well known and can sometimes be counterintuitive. Reproduction lies at the crux of species population replenishment, but we do not know how ocean acidification affects reproduction in the wild. Here, we use natural CO2 vents at a temperate rocky reef and show that even though ocean acidification acts as a direct stressor, it can indirectly increase energy budgets of fish to stimulate reproduction at no cost to physiological homeostasis. Female fish maintained energy levels by compensation: They reduced activity (foraging and aggression) to increase reproduction. In male fish, increased reproductive investment was linked to increased energy intake as mediated by intensified foraging on more abundant prey. Greater biomass of prey at the vents was linked to greater biomass of algae, as mediated by a fertilisation effect of elevated CO2 on primary production. Additionally, the abundance and aggression of paternal carers were elevated at the CO2 vents, which may further boost reproductive success. These positive indirect effects of elevated CO2 were only observed for the species of fish that was generalistic and competitively dominant, but not for 3 species of subordinate and more specialised fishes. Hence, species that capitalise on future resource enrichment can accelerate their reproduction and increase their populations, thereby altering species communities in a future ocean. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles PLOS Biology 19 1 e3001033 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
spellingShingle |
Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Ivan Nagelkerken Tiphaine Alemany Julie M Anquetin Camilo M Ferreira Kim E Ludwig Minami Sasaki Sean D Connell Ocean acidification boosts reproduction in fish via indirect effects. |
topic_facet |
Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
description |
Ocean acidification affects species populations and biodiversity through direct negative effects on physiology and behaviour. The indirect effects of elevated CO2 are less well known and can sometimes be counterintuitive. Reproduction lies at the crux of species population replenishment, but we do not know how ocean acidification affects reproduction in the wild. Here, we use natural CO2 vents at a temperate rocky reef and show that even though ocean acidification acts as a direct stressor, it can indirectly increase energy budgets of fish to stimulate reproduction at no cost to physiological homeostasis. Female fish maintained energy levels by compensation: They reduced activity (foraging and aggression) to increase reproduction. In male fish, increased reproductive investment was linked to increased energy intake as mediated by intensified foraging on more abundant prey. Greater biomass of prey at the vents was linked to greater biomass of algae, as mediated by a fertilisation effect of elevated CO2 on primary production. Additionally, the abundance and aggression of paternal carers were elevated at the CO2 vents, which may further boost reproductive success. These positive indirect effects of elevated CO2 were only observed for the species of fish that was generalistic and competitively dominant, but not for 3 species of subordinate and more specialised fishes. Hence, species that capitalise on future resource enrichment can accelerate their reproduction and increase their populations, thereby altering species communities in a future ocean. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ivan Nagelkerken Tiphaine Alemany Julie M Anquetin Camilo M Ferreira Kim E Ludwig Minami Sasaki Sean D Connell |
author_facet |
Ivan Nagelkerken Tiphaine Alemany Julie M Anquetin Camilo M Ferreira Kim E Ludwig Minami Sasaki Sean D Connell |
author_sort |
Ivan Nagelkerken |
title |
Ocean acidification boosts reproduction in fish via indirect effects. |
title_short |
Ocean acidification boosts reproduction in fish via indirect effects. |
title_full |
Ocean acidification boosts reproduction in fish via indirect effects. |
title_fullStr |
Ocean acidification boosts reproduction in fish via indirect effects. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ocean acidification boosts reproduction in fish via indirect effects. |
title_sort |
ocean acidification boosts reproduction in fish via indirect effects. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001033 https://doaj.org/article/b807acddc6eb47959ae039b9a7925a4d |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_source |
PLoS Biology, Vol 19, Iss 1, p e3001033 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001033 https://doaj.org/toc/1544-9173 https://doaj.org/toc/1545-7885 1544-9173 1545-7885 doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3001033 https://doaj.org/article/b807acddc6eb47959ae039b9a7925a4d |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001033 |
container_title |
PLOS Biology |
container_volume |
19 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
e3001033 |
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1766156073288335360 |